Temporary tattoo danger causing pneumonia and impetigo
Moms View Message Board: Parenting Discussion: Temporary tattoo danger causing pneumonia and impetigo
Ive notice at two hOme parties temporary ratios being applied w one warm face cloth to 20 children's face and hands and arms.
I am trying to create a public awareness campaign that this is a germ spreading practice that can kill of the right germ is spread. Please helpe by calling local tv shows news department and school and local public Heath numbers and the CDC. The more concerned parents that get involved the better?
Who would wash 20 kids hands and faces w one warm germ prone facecloth. I believe this practice caused a pneumonia outbreak in Lynbrook my where one child had a seizure and than got pneumonia. The whole class got pneumonia after these home parties w temporary tattoos.
I putting my research here to put letter for the school district and a pr web announcement.
The pediatrition informed me that unsanitary methods of temporary tatto such as using one face impetigo and lice and ring worm. Once form of impetigo my child had. All his skin fell off his entire body and face and he couldn't eat. He was in the hospital for about 4 days were he could have picked of another infection and died because all his skin had fallen off his body.
Ring Worm I have experienced as a child. I picked it up at a y camp over 35 years ago. They had not put enough clorine in the water. For the rest of the summer I had to be covered from head to toe else I would be permanent scared from the ring worm.
I addressed this with our local school districts on education for parent since I notice that temporary tatoos and face painting r showing up more and more at home parties and it is all being done unsanitarily.
I began thinking about the facepainting and doing alittle research. They love to use crayola water colors. One tray for the entire party. I think you could paint 50 kids with one three dollar pages. One or more brushes and beautiful art emerges. The face painter is touch the kids hair. (transmital of lice). Not cleaning the brush unless she has too. Cleaning method is one cup of water for 20 kids. If one of the kids has impetigo or ring worm. It might be one the brush or in the water now or in the paint set.
Impetigo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection most common among pre-school children.[1] People who play close contact sports such as rugby, American football and wrestling are also susceptible, regardless of age. Impetigo is not as common in adults. The name derives from the Latin impetere ("assail"). It is also known as school sores.[2]
And why did the school not want to do a education campain on the safe use of temporary tattoo? Could it be that they have been allowing the dirty practic of using a could of paper towers and a little bowl of water to be used to do temporary tatoos and they are afraid of being sued for the possible contraction of one of their students of imetigo?
Wikipedia is called school sores but the school has no interest in educationing the parents of how this annoying and potentially life threatening illness can be avoided? My school district send a letter home for every case of impetigo and lice and ring worm. But not one letter on how to avoid these diseases.
Is there something wrong with that? When they education on teeth brushing, washing hands, germs, washing hands before eatting, washing hands after going to toilets, health eatting practices and exercise physical education.
Causes
It is primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and sometimes by Streptococcus pyogenes.[3] According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, both bullous and nonbullous are primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus, with Streptococcus also commonly being involved in the nonbullous form."[4]
Transmission
The infection is spread by direct contact with lesions or with nasal carriers. The incubation period is 1–3 days. Dried streptococci in the air are not infectious to intact skin. Scratching may spread the lesions.
Diagnosis
Impetigo generally appears as honey-colored scabs formed from dried serum, and is often found on the arms, legs, or face.[3]
Treatment
For generations, the disease was treated with an application of the antiseptic gentian violet.[5] Today, topical or oral antibiotics are usually prescribed. Treatment may involve washing with soap and water and letting the impetigo dry in the air. Mild cases may be treated with bactericidal ointment, such as mupirocin, which in some countries may be available over-the-counter. More severe cases require oral antibiotics, such as dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin or erythromycin. Alternatively amoxicillin combined with clavulanate potassium, cephalosporins (1st generation) and many others may also be used as an antibiotic treatment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impetigo
Now we are one to what is head lice. I had an experience when I was student teaching where the almost the entire class got head lice. Most girls in the class had long and love thick hair. I don't know if I got it or not. I of course treated myself for lice and washed all the bedding and laundry in hot water. Since almost all the kids got it I was sure I had it and was scratching my head untill I treated it. Frightening for some reason!
Thank you for going on this learning discovery for me since I am admitted not knowledgable in public health.
As we just learned impetigo can be on the arms and face where temporary tatoos are place and facepaining done.
This would make a wonderful science project which I am sure would will a national merit science award. Testing for impetigo at a carnival where they do 100 and sometimes thousands of childrens faces. Test the facepaint after every ten or so kids?
A high school student won the national merit scholorship when he tested baterial in McDonalds soda machines and Mcdonalds toilets. The soda machines had very high levels of baterial higher than the toilets. Roach love soda machines and people have dirty hands. This is the same sort of research. Easy to do but this involved educating people on stopping spreading a communical disease. Which is more important research and don't forget easy to do. You can even do it with the fellow researchers in the school approves.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculosis_capitisis_capitis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lice
There it is.
"Lice" redirects here. For the infection, see Pediculosis. For the district of Diyarbakır Province in Turkey, see Lice, Turkey.
For other uses, see Louse (disambiguation).
Page semi-protected
Phthiraptera
Light micrograph of Fahrenholzia pinnata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder: Exopterygota
Order: Phthiraptera
Haeckel, 1896
Suborders
Anoplura
Rhyncophthirina
Ischnocera
Amblycera
Louse (plural: lice) is the common name for members of over 3,000 species of wingless insects of the order Phthiraptera; three of which are classified as human disease agents. They are obligate ectoparasites of every avian and mammalian order except for monotremes (the platypus and echidnas), bats, whales, dolphins, porpoises and pangolins.
Contents
1 Biology
2 Ecology
2.1 A few major trends
2.2 A few effects of lice infestation upon the host
3 Classification
4 Lice in humans
4.1 Human lice and DNA discoveries
5 Gallery
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Biology
Most lice are scavengers, feeding on skin and other debris found on the host's body, but some species feed on sebaceous secretions and blood. Most are found only on specific types of animals, and, in some cases, only to a particular part of the body; some animals are known to host up to fifteen different species, although one to three is typical for mammals, and two to six for birds. For example, in humans, different species of louse inhabit the scalp and pubic hair. Lice generally cannot survive for long if removed from their host.[1]
A louse's color varies from pale beige to dark gray; however, if feeding on blood, it may become considerably darker. Female lice are usually more common than the males, and some species are even known to be parthenogenetic. A louse's egg is commonly called a nit. Many lice attach their eggs to their host's hair with specialized saliva; the saliva/hair bond is very difficult to sever without specialized products. Lice inhabiting birds, however, may simply leave their eggs in parts of the body inaccessible to preening, such as the interior of feather shafts. Living lice eggs tend to be pale white. Dead lice eggs are more yellow.[1]
Lice are exopterygotes, being born as miniature versions of the adult, known as nymphs. The young moult three times before reaching the final adult form, usually within a month of hatching.[1]
Ecology
Lice are optimal model organisms to study the ecology of contagious pathogens since their quantities, sex-ratios etc. are easier to quantify than those of other pathogens. The ecology of avian lice has been studied more intensively than that of mammal lice.
A few major trends
The average number of lice per host tends to be higher in large-bodied bird species than in small ones.[2]
Louse individuals exhibit an aggregated distribution across bird individuals, i.e. most lice live on a few birds, while most birds are relatively free of lice. This pattern is more pronounced in territorial than in colonial—more social—bird species.[3]
Host taxa that dive under the water surface to feed on aquatic prey harbor fewer taxa of lice.[4][5]
Bird taxa that are capable of exerting stronger antiparasitic defense—such as stronger T cell immune response or larger uropygial glands—harbor more taxa of Amblyceran lice than others.[6][7]
Temporal bottlenecks in host population size may cause a long-lasting reduction of louse taxonomic richness.[8] E.g., birds introduced into New Zealand host fewer species of lice there than in Europe.[9][10]
Louse sex ratios are more balanced in more social hosts and more female-biased in less social hosts, presumably due to the stronger isolation among louse subpopulations (living on separate birds) in the latter case.[11]
A few effects of lice infestation upon the host
Lice may reduce host life expectancy.[12]
Lice may transmit microbial diseases or helminth parasites.[13]
Ischnoceran lice may reduce the thermoregulation effect of the plumage, thus heavily infected birds lose more heat than other ones.[14]
Lice infestation is a disadvantage in the context of sexual rivalry.[15][16]
Classification
The order has traditionally been divided into two suborders, the sucking lice (Anoplura) and the chewing lice (Mallophaga); however, recent classifications suggest that the Mallophaga are paraphyletic and four suborders are now recognized:
Anoplura: sucking lice, occurring on mammals exclusively
Rhyncophthirina: parasites of elephants and warthogs
Ischnocera: mostly avian chewing lice, however, one family parasitizes mammals
Amblycera: a primitive suborder of chewing lice, widespread on birds, however, also live on South-American and Australian mammals
It has been suggested that the order is contained by the Troctomorpha suborder of Psocoptera.
Lice in humans
For information about human infestation, see Pediculosis. For information on treatment, see Treatment of human head lice.
A lice comb
Humans host three different kinds of lice: head lice, body lice, and pubic lice. Lice infestations can be controlled with lice combs, and medicated shampoos or washes. Adult and nymphal lice can survive on sheep-shearers' moccasins for up to 10 days, but microwaving the footwear for five minutes in a plastic bag will kill the lice.[17]
Human lice and DNA discoveries
Lice have been the subject of significant DNA research that has led to discoveries on human evolution. For example, recent DNA evidence suggests that pubic lice spread to humans approximately 2,000,000 years ago from gorillas.[18] Additionally, the DNA differences between head lice and body lice provide corroborating evidence that humans started losing body hair, also about 2,000,000 years ago.[19]
Lice may reduce host life expectancy.[12]
Lice may transmit microbial diseases or helminth parasites.[13]
Okay. Lice many reduce host life expectancy. That must be when untreated. That sounds bad....
There is head lice where the face painters are touching and body lice where the temporary tattoos are being placed. Im sure if lice can be on the body and the hair they can be one the arms and face where face painting and temporary tatoos r being unsanitarily done.
Looks like I got the wrong lice link from wikipedia so lets see if I can do better!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculosis_capitis
Pediculosis capitis[1] (also known as head lice infestation, "nits" and cooties[1]) is a human medical condition caused by the colonization of the hair and skin by the parasitic insect Pediculus humanus capitis—the head louse[citation needed]. Typically, only the head or scalp of the host is infested. Head lice feed on human blood (hematophagy), and itching from lice bites is a common symptom of this condition.[2] Treatment typically includes application of topical insecticides such as a pyrethrin or permethrin, although a variety of herbal remedies are also common.[3]
Lice infestation in general is known as pediculosis, and occurs in many mammalian and bird species.[4][5] The term pediculosis capitis, or simply "pediculosis", is sometimes used to refer to the specific human pediculosis due to P. humanus capitis (i.e., head-louse infestation)[citation needed]. Humans are hosts for two other lice as well — the body louse and the crab louse.
Head-lice infestation is widely endemic, especially in children. It is a cause of some concern in public health, although, unlike human body lice, head lice are not carriers of other infectious diseases. It has been suggested that in the past, head lice infection has been a mutualistic beneficial condition which helps to defend against the far more dangerous disease-carrying body louse.[6]
Contents
1 Signs and symptoms
2 Cause
2.1 Vectorial capacity
3 Diagnosis
4 Prevention
5 Treatment
6 Epidemiology
7 History
8 Society and culture
8.1 School policy
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Signs and symptoms
Adult male (left) and female (right) head lice
The most common symptom of infestation is pruritus (itching) on the head which normally intensifies 3 to 4 weeks after the initial infestation[citation needed]. The bite reaction is very mild and it can be rarely seen between the hairs. Bites can be seen, especially in the neck of long-haired individuals when the hair is pushed aside. In rare cases, the itch scratch cycle can lead to secondary infection with impetigo and pyoderma[citation needed]. Swelling of the local lymph nodes and fever are rare. Head lice are not known to transmit any pathogenic microorganisms.
Cause
Head lice are generally spread through direct head-to-head contact with an infested person; transmission by sharing bedding or clothing such as headwear is much less common.[7] Body lice are spread through direct contact with the body, clothing or other personal items of a person already carrying lice. Pubic lice are most often spread by intimate contact with an infested person. Head lice occur on the head hair, body lice on the clothing, and pubic lice mainly on the hair near the groin. Human lice do not occur on pets or other animals[citation needed]. Lice do not have wings and cannot jump[citation needed].
From each egg or "nit" may hatch one nymph that will grow and develop to the adult louse[citation needed]. Full-grown lice are found to be the size of a sesame seed. Lice feed on blood 1-8 times each day by piercing the skin with their tiny needle-like mouthparts[citation needed]. Lice cannot burrow into the skin.
Head lice and body lice (Pediculus humanus) are similar in appearance, although the head lice is often smaller.[8] Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis), on the other hand, are quite distinctive. They have shorter bodies and pincer-like claws, and are colloquially known as "crabs"[citation needed].
Vectorial capacity
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are not known to be vectors of diseases, unlike body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus), which are known vectors of epidemic or louse-borne typhus (Rickettsia prowazeki), trench fever (Rochalimaea quintana) and louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrellia recurrentis)[citation needed].
Diagnosis
Lice comb (Bug Buster) wet combing with conditioner for diagnosis and treatment. Head lice can be seen in foam.
The condition is diagnosed by the presence of lice or eggs in the hair, which is facilitated by using a magnifying glass or running a comb through the child's hair. In questionable cases, a child can be referred to a health professional. However, the condition is overdiagnosed, with extinct infestations being mistaken for active ones. As a result, lice-killing treatments are more often used on noninfested than infested children.[9] The use of a louse comb is the most effective way to detect living lice.[10] In cases of children with dirty, long and/or curly/frizzy hair, an alternative method of diagnosis is examination by parting the hair at 2 cm intervals to look for moving lice near the scalp[citation needed]. With both methods, special attention should be paid to the area near the ears and the nape of the neck. The examiner should examine the scalp for at least 5 minutes[citation needed]. The use of a magnifying glass to examine the material collected between the teeth of the comb could prevent misdiagnosis.
The presence of nits alone, however, is not an accurate indicator of an active head louse infestation. Children with nits on their hair have a 35-40% chance of also being infested with living lice and eggs.[10][11] If lice are detected, the entire family needs to be checked (especially children up to the age of 13 years) with a louse comb, and only those who are infested with living lice should be treated. As long as no living lice are detected, the child should be considered negative for head louse infestation. Accordingly, a child should be treated with a pediculicide ONLY when living lice are detected on his/her hair (not because he/she has louse eggs/nits on the hair and not because the scalp is itchy).[12]
Prevention
World War II-era American poster, created to prevent outbreaks of pediculosis among servicemen.
Examination of the child’s head at regular intervals using a louse comb allows the diagnosis of louse infestation at an early stage. Early diagnosis makes treatment easier and reduces the possibility of infesting others. In times and areas when louse infestations are common, weekly examinations of children, especially those 4–15 yrs old, carried out by their parents will aid control. Additional examinations are necessary if the child came in contact with infested individuals, if the child frequently scratches his/her head, or if nits suddenly appear on the child’s hair. Keeping long hair tidy could be helpful in the prevention of infestations with head lice.
Clothes, towels, bedding, combs and brushes, which came in contact with the infested individual, can be disinfected either by leaving them outside for at least 2 weeks or by washing them at 60°C(140 degrees F) for 30 minutes.[13] This is because adult lice can survive only one to two days without a blood meal, and are highly dependent on human body warmth.[14] An insecticidal treatment of the house and furniture is not necessary.
Treatment
Main article: Treatment of human head lice
There is no product or method which assures 100% destruction of the eggs and hatched lice after a single treatment. However, there are a number of treatment modalities that can be employed with varying degrees of success. These methods include chemical treatments, natural products, combs, shaving, hot air,[15] and silicone-based lotions[16] however all effective treatments require a two-fold process of killing both the adult lice and the eggs. Generally the eggs (nits) need to be manually picked off one by one in order to ensure all live eggs are removed.
Lice on the hair and body are usually treated with medicated shampoos or cream rinses. Nit combs can be used to remove lice and nits from the hair. Laundering clothes using high heat can eliminate body lice. Efforts to treat should focus on the hair or body (or clothes), and not on the home environment[citation needed].
Some lice have become resistant to certain (but not all) insecticides used in commercially available anti-louse products. A physician or pharmacist can prescribe or suggest treatments. Empty eggs of head lice may remain attached to the hair shaft long after the lice have been eliminated[citation needed], but rarely are adult lice seen even with an active infestation. Since there is no way to determine whether each egg is alive or dead, chemical treatment (which may not kill the eggs) should be considered only when live (crawling) lice are discovered in order to kill the adults. Instead, nitpicking, which is checking each hair strand for eggs and picking off each egg, should be used to prevent the possibility of an egg hatching resulting in reinfestation.
Epidemiology
“ Reliable data describing the usual incidence of infestation in the general public, in the average school community, or during specific times of the year are lacking. ”
—Janis Hootman, 2002[17]
The number of cases of human louse infestations (or pediculosis) has increased worldwide since the mid-1960s, reaching hundreds of millions annually.[18]
Despite improvements in medical treatment and prevention of human diseases during the 20th century, head louse infestation remains stubbornly prevalent. In 1997, 80% of American elementary schools reported at least one outbreak of lice.[19] Lice infestation during that same period was more prevalent than chicken pox.[19]
About 6-12 million children between the ages of 3 and 11 are treated annually for head lice in the United States alone.[7] High levels of louse infestations have also been reported from all over the world including Israel, Denmark, Sweden, U.K., France and Australia.[12][20]
The number of children per family, the sharing of beds and closets, hair washing habits, local customs and social contacts, healthcare in a particular area (e.g. school) and socioeconomic status were found to be significant factors in head louse infestation[citation needed]. Girls are 2-4 times more frequently infested than boys[citation needed]. Children between 4 and 13 years of age are the most frequently infested group.[21] In the U.S., African-American children have lower rates of infestation.[7]
The United Kingdom's National Health Service[citation needed] and many American health agencies [1][2][3] report that lice "prefer" clean hair because it's easier to attach eggs and to cling to the strands; however, this is often contested.
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation is most frequent on children aged 3–10 and their families.[22] Females get head lice twice more often than males,[22] and infestation in persons of Afro-Caribbean or other black descent is rare because of hair consistency.[22] But these children may have nits that hatch and the live lice could be transferred by head contact to other children.[23]
History
Hunting lice by candlelight by Andries Both, ca 1630 (National Gallery, Budapest)
Society and culture
School policy
Main article: School head lice policy
Because head louse infestation occurs primarily in children,[17] much of the effort to prevent head lice transmission has focused on school and day care settings—places where large numbers of children come into close contact. Schools in the United States, Canada, and Australia commonly exclude infested students, and prevent return of those students until all lice, eggs, and nits are removed.[24] This is the basis of the "no-nit policy". Data from a primarily American study during 1998-1999 found that no-nit policies were present at 82% of the schools attended by children suspected of louse infestation.[9] A separate 1998 survey revealed that 60% of American school nurses felt that "forced absenteeism of any child who has any nits in their hair is a good idea."[25]
Head louse nits on human hair
School head lice policy involves a number of issues:
Establishing criteria to infer infestation
Screening asymptomatic children for evidence of infestation
Establishing the circumstances under which children will be inspected
Immediate exclusion of infested children
Establishing criteria to permit previously infested children to return to school (e.g., the no-nit policy)
All of these policies are controversial. In particular, a number of health researchers and organizations object to the required removal of nits (i.e., the no-nit policy).[24][26][27][28] Opponents to the no-nit policy point out that nits, being empty egg casings, have no clinical importance.[24] Transmission can only occur via live lice or eggs. Time-consuming nit removal, therefore, has no direct effect on transmission. This has led to the perception that the no-nit policy serves only to ease the workload of school nurses and punish the parents of infested children.[24]
Proponents of the no-nit policy counter that only a consistently nit-free child can be reliably shown to be infestation-free.[29] That is, the presence of nits serves as an indirect proxy for infestation status. Proponents argue that such a proxy is necessary because lice screening is prone to false negative conclusions (i.e., failure to find lice present on actively infested children).[26][30] For example, a 1998 Israeli study found that 76% of live lice infestations were missed by visual inspection (as verified by subsequent combing methods).[10][17] Although lice cannot fly or jump, they are fast and agile in their native environment (i.e., clinging to hairs near the warmth of the scalp),[5][26] and will try to avoid the light used during inspection.[8][31] Lice colonies are also sparse (often fewer than 10 lice), which can contribute to difficulty in finding live specimens.[21] Further, lice populations consist predominantly of immature nymphs,[32] which are even smaller and harder to detect than adult lice.[10]
The reason head lice or body lice might be transmited with unclean use of temporary tatoos and facepaint is because the facepainter touches the childs hair and transmits the lice to the next child. Body lice the same idea is apparents.
Lets see what we can learn about body lice.
This article is about the animal. For the disease known as body lice, see Pediculosis corporis .
Body louse
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Phthiraptera
Suborder: Anoplura
Family: Pediculidae
Genus: Pediculus
Species: P. humanus
Subspecies: P. h. humanus
Trinomial name
Pediculus humanus humanus
Linnaeus, 1758
The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus, sometimes called Pediculus humanus corporis)[1] is a louse which infests humans. The condition of being infested with head lice, body lice, or pubic lice is known as pediculosis.
Contents
1 Origins
2 Entomology and pathology
2.1 Life stages
3 Treatment
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Origins
The body louse diverged from the head louse at around 100,000 years ago, hinting at the time of the origin of clothing.[2][3][4]
Entomology and pathology
Pediculus humanus humanus (the body louse) is indistinguishable in appearance from Pediculus humanus capitis (the head louse) and under laboratory conditions they will interbreed. In their natural state, however, the two subspecies do not interbreed and occupy different habitats. In particular, body lice have evolved to attach their eggs to clothes, whereas head lice attach their eggs to the base of hairs.
Body lice frequently lay their eggs on or near the seams of clothing. Body lice must feed on blood and usually only move to the skin to feed. Body lice exist worldwide and infest people of all races. Body lice infestations can spread rapidly under crowded living conditions where hygiene is poor (homeless, refugees, victims of war or natural disasters). In the United States, body lice infestations are rare, typically found mainly in homeless transient populations who do not have access to bathing and regular changes of clean clothes. Infestation is unlikely to persist on anyone who bathes regularly and who has at least weekly access to freshly laundered clothing and bedding.
Body lice are spread through prolonged direct physical contact with a person who has body lice or through contact with articles such as clothing, beds, bed linens, or towels that have been in contact with an infested person.
Body lice are a nuisance in themselves and cause intense itching. They are however, also vectors (transmitters) of other diseases. Body lice can spread epidemic typhus, trench fever, and louse-borne relapsing fever. Although louse-borne (epidemic) typhus is no longer widespread, outbreaks of this disease still occur during times of war, civil unrest, natural or man-made disasters, and in prisons where people live together in unsanitary conditions. Louse-borne typhus still exists in places where climate, chronic poverty, and social customs or war and social upheaval prevent regular changes and laundering of clothing.
Life stages
Body lice have three forms: the egg (also called a nit), the nymph, and the adult.
Nits are lice eggs. They are generally easy to see in the seams of an infested person’s clothing, particularly around the waistline and under armpits. Body lice nits occasionally also may be attached to body hair. They are oval and usually yellow to white in color. Body lice nits may take 1–2 weeks to hatch.
A nymph is an immature louse that hatches from the nit (egg). A nymph looks like an adult body louse, but is smaller. Nymphs mature into adults about 9–12 days after hatching. To live, the nymph must feed on blood.
The adult body louse is about the size of a sesame seed, has 6 legs, and is tan to greyish-white. Females lay eggs. To live, lice must feed on blood. If a louse is separated from its person, it dies at room temperature.
Treatment
A body lice infestation is treated by improving the personal hygiene of the infested person, including assuring a regular (at least weekly) change of clean clothes. Clothing, bedding, and towels used by the infested person should be laundered using hot water (at least 130 °F or 54 °C) and machine dried using the hot cycle.
Sometimes the infested person also is treated with a pediculicide (a medicine that can kill lice); however, a pediculicide generally is not necessary if hygiene is maintained and items are laundered appropriately at least once a week. A pediculicide should be applied exactly as directed on the bottle or by a physician.
Delousing can also be practically achieved by boiling all clothes and bedding, or washing them at a high temperature.[5] A temperature of 130 °F or 54 °C for 5 minutes will kill most of the adults and prevent eggs from hatching.[6] Leaving the clothes unwashed, but unworn for a full week, also results in the death of lice and eggs.[5]
Where this is not practical or possible, powder dusting with 10% DDT, 1% malathion or 1% permethrin is also effective.[5] Oral ivermectin at a dose of 12 mg on days 0, 7 and 14 has been used in a small trial of 33 people in Marseilles, but did not result in complete eradication, although there was a significant fall in the number of parasites and proportion of people infected.[7] At the moment, ivermectin cannot be routinely recommended for the treatment of body lice.
Medication, insecticide or burning of clothing and bedding is usually not necessary, as the problem normally goes away with daily bathing, weekly (or more frequent) laundering and drying of clothing, bedding, towels, etc. in a hot clothes drier.[6]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_lice
Well that is what body lice is. Preschool child hate baths and I am not an expert so I will make no judgement on transmital of body lice through unsanitary facepainting and unsanitary temporary tatoos.
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/ringworm-of-the-skin-topic-overview
Ringworm of the Skin - Topic Overview
Is this topic for you?
This topic is about ringworm of the skin, groin, or hands. For information about other fungal infections, see the topics Athlete's Foot, Diaper Rash, Fungal Nail Infections, and Ringworm of the Scalp or Beard.
What is ringworm of the skin?
Ringworm of the skin is an infection caused by a fungus.
Jock itch is a form of ringworm that causes an itchy rash on the skin of your groin area. It is much more common in men than in women. Jock itch may be caused by the spread of athlete's foot fungus to the groin.
What causes ringworm?
Ringworm is not caused by a worm. It is caused by a fungus. The kinds of fungi (plural of fungus) that cause ringworm live and spread on the top layer of the skin and on the hair. They grow best in warm, moist areas, such as locker rooms and swimming pools, and in skin folds.
Ringworm is contagious. It spreads when you have skin-to-skin contact with a person or animal that has it. It can also spread when you share things like towels, clothing, or sports gear.
You can also get ringworm by touching an infected dog or cat, although this form of ringworm is not common.
What are the symptoms?
Ringworm of the skin usually causes a very itchy rash. It often makes a pattern in the shape of a ringcamera, but not always. Sometimes it is just a red, itchy rash.
Jock itch is a rash in the skin folds of the groin. It may also spread to the inner thighs or buttocks.
Ringworm of the hand looks like athlete's foot. The skin on the palm of the hand gets thick, dry, and scaly. And skin between the fingers may be moist and have open sores.
How is ringworm of the skin diagnosed?
If you have a ring-shaped rash, you very likely have ringworm. Your doctor will be able to tell for sure. He or she will probably look at a scraping from the rash under a microscope to check for the ringworm fungus.
How is it treated?
Most ringworm of the skin can be treated at home with creams you can buy without a prescription. Your rash may clear up soon after you start treatment, but it’s important to keep using the cream for as long as the label or your doctor says. This will help keep the infection from coming back. If the cream doesn't work, your doctor can prescribe pills that will kill the fungus.
If ringworm is not treated, your skin could blister, and the cracks could become infected with bacteria. If this happens, you will need antibiotics.
If your child is being treated for ringworm, you don't have to keep him or her out of school or day care.
Can you prevent ringworm?
To prevent ringworm:
Don't share clothing, sports gear, towels, or sheets. If you think you have been exposed to ringworm, wash your clothes in hot water with special anti-fungus soap.
Wear slippers or sandals in locker rooms and public bathing areas.
Shower and shampoo well after any sport that includes skin-to-skin contact.
Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Change your socks and underwear at least once a day.
Keep your skin clean and dry. Always dry yourself completely after showers or baths, drying your feet last.
If you have athlete's foot, put your socks on before your underwear so that fungi do not spread from your feet to your groin.
Take your pet to the vet if it has patches of missing hair, which could be a sign of a fungal infection.
If you or someone in your family has symptoms, it is important to treat ringworm right away to keep other family members from getting it.
Thank you web med and wikipedia for this education.
Says you should not use same clothes on people as that will spread ringworm. So you should not use a wet cloth on one child and they put it on another child.
I would imagine that this would happen on brushes of facepainting or sponges. Many face painters load up different sponges with different colors and will use they on all the children to speed things up. Not cleaning the sponges once even for a thousand kids at a festival or carnival. Clearly a way to spread impetigo and ringworm.
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-impetigo-basics
Webmd on impetigo
mpetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection. It can appear anywhere on the body but usually attacks exposed areas. Children tend to get it on the face, especially around the nose and mouth, and sometimes on the arms or legs. The infected areas appear in plaques ranging from dime to quarter size, starting as tiny blisters that break and expose moist, red skin. After a few days the infected area is covered with a grainy, golden crust that gradually spreads at the edges.
In extreme cases, the infection invades a deeper layer of skin and develops into ecthyma, a deeper form of the disease. Ecthyma forms small, pus-filled bumps with a crust much darker and thicker than that of ordinary impetigo. Ecthyma can be very itchy, and scratching the irritated area spreads the infection quickly. Left untreated, the sores may cause permanent scars and pigment changes.
Recommended Related to Skin Problems & Treatments
Cafe-Au-Lait Spots
Read the Cafe-Au-Lait Spots article > >
The gravest potential complication of impetigo is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, a severe kidney disease that occurs following a strep infection in less than 1% of cases, mainly in children. The most common cause of impetigo is Staphylococcus aureus. However, another bacteria source is group A streptococcus. These bacteria lurk everywhere. It is easier for a child with an open wound or fresh scratch to contract impetigo. Other skin-related problems, such as eczema, body lice, insect bites, fungal infections, and various other forms of dermatitis can make a person susceptible to impetigo.
Most people get this highly infectious disease through physical contact with someone who has it, or from sharing the same clothes, bedding, towels, or other objects. The very nature of childhood, which includes lots of physical contact and large-group activities, makes children the primary victims and carriers of impetigo.
Further Reading:
Slideshow: A Visual Guide to Psoriasis
Slideshow: Scabies Symptoms, Cause, and Treatments
Picture of Cercarial Dermatitis: Swimmer's Itch
Impetigo Treatments
FDA Approves New Impetigo Treatment
Slideshow: How to Diaper Your Baby
Slideshow: Baby Skin Care -- Simple Tips to Keep Baby's Skin Healthy
See All Impetigo, Bullous impetigo, impetigo contagiosa, bacterial skin infection, mouth sores, mouth blisters, rashes in children Topics
This suggest the same thing as wikipedia but confirmation is good.
Okay we learned alittle about impetigo which is also know as school sores and lice and ring worm. Ill just post what web md has on ring worm and we are done with that.
Oh it looks like I didn't do lice in web md. Thanks you web md!
What are lice?
Lice are tiny insects that live on humans and feed on blood. When a large number of lice live and multiply on a person, it is called an infestation.
Three different kinds of lice live on humans:
Head lice camera are usually found in hair, most often on the back of the neck and behind the ears. Head lice are common in preschool and elementary school-age children. Adults can get them too, especially adults who live with children.
Pubic lice camera, also called crabs, are usually found in the pubic area. But they may also be found on facial hair, on eyelashes, on eyebrows, in the armpits, on chest hair, and, rarely, on the scalp.
Body lice camera live and lay eggs (nits) in the seams of clothing. The lice are on the body only when they feed.
What causes a lice infestation?
Lice spread easily from one person to another through close contact or through shared clothing or personal items (such as hats or hairbrushes). A louse cannot jump or fly.
What are the symptoms?
The most common symptom of lice is itching. There are different symptoms, depending on which type of lice you have.
Head lice may not cause any symptoms at first. Itching on the scalp may start weeks or even months after lice have started to spread. Scratching can make the skin raw. The raw skin may ooze clear fluid or crust over, and it may get infected.
Pubic lice cause severe itching. Their bites may cause small marks that look like bruises on the torso, thighs, or upper arms. If pubic lice get on the eyelashes, the edges of the eyelids may be crusted. You may see lice and their eggs at the base of the eyelashes.
Body lice cause very bad itching, especially at night. Itchy sores appear in the armpits and on the waist, torso, and other areas where the seams of clothes press against the skin. The lice and eggs may be found in the seams of the person's clothing but are generally not seen on the skin.
Frequent scratching can cause a skin infection. In the most severe cases of head lice, hair may fall out, and the skin may get darker in the areas infested with lice.
How is a lice infestation diagnosed?
A doctor can usually tell if you have lice by looking closely for live lice or eggs in your hair. The doctor may also comb through your hair with a fine-toothed comb to help detect lice. He or she may look at the lice or eggs under a microscope.
Your doctor can also find pubic lice and body lice by looking closely at your body or your clothing.
How is it treated?
Lice - Topic Overview
(continued)
Lice won't go away on their own. Be sure to do all you can to treat lice and to prevent the spread of lice.
The most common treatment is an over-the-counter or prescription cream, lotion, or shampoo. You put it on the skin or scalp to kill the lice and eggs. In some cases, you may need treatment a second time to make sure that all the eggs are dead. If two or more treatments don't work, your doctor may prescribe a different medicine.
It's also important to wash clothing and bedding in hot water to help get rid of lice.
Some people have an allergic reaction to lice bites that causes itching for 7 to 10 days after the lice and eggs have been killed. Steroid creams or calamine lotion can relieve the itching. If you have severe itching, you can try antihistamine pills. But don't give antihistamines to your child unless you've checked with the doctor first.
Learning about lice:
What are lice?
What causes lice?
What are the symptoms of lice infestation?
Can I prevent lice infestation?
How does a lice infestation progress?
What increases the risk of getting lice?
Being diagnosed:
Who can diagnose lice infestations?
How are lice infestations diagnosed?
Getting treatment:
How is a lice infestation treated?
Living with a lice infestation:
What can I do at home to relieve symptoms?
When should I call my doctor?
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Last Updated: August 18, 2011
This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.
© 1995-2011 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
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Okay so we learned that lice can be on the eye lashes and face painters go near the eyes with their brushes.
Art Supply Safety
Written by: Scott G. Allen
[Scott is the Executive Director, Illinois Chapter,
American Academy of Pediatrics]
Reprinted with permission from: Healthy Childcare ®
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Art and craft time in your childcare program can be fun, educational, and result in treasures that are saved (and displayed on refrigerators) for years. But some art supplies and art activities can be unsafe unless caregivers follow simple guidelines for selecting and storing materials and teach children how to use them properly.
Look for Proper Labels
Improved labeling makes it easier to choose acceptable children's art materials easier. Always choose materials designed specifically for children, with labels that clearly indicate they are non-toxic. The Art and Creative Materials Institute (ACMI) is a non-profit trade association of manufacturers of art and craft materials. Since 1940, ACMI has conducted a certification program in which product formulas are analyzed and certified by the ACMI, then labeled appropriately as either non-toxic and safe, or toxic, and potentially harmful.
ACMI certification also ensures compliance with state and federal labeling regulations. Products bearing the AP (Approved Product) seal of the ACMI are certified non-toxic. In cases where a product may be used with young children, AP certified non-toxic products are the safest.
Products bearing the CL (Caution Label) seal of the Art and Creative Materials Institute contain ingredients that are toxic or hazardous. These products are not appropriate for use with young children in childcare programs. Many products have labels that say a product is "non-toxic;" but unless they also have a label showing that they are certified, these can be misleading. They may not pose an immediate risk of poisoning if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the skin, but there may be dangers associated with long term use.
If you have any questions about a product, contact the manufacturer to find out what substances are used in the products and if they are safe for children.
Choose Products Carefully
Because drawing and painting are common activities in childcare, parents and childcare providers often assume that all art and craft supplies are safe and appropriate for children. But many products can be dangerous. When choosing products for your childcare program, here are some items to avoid and some suggestions for using products that are safe:
Avoid instant paper mache, which can contain toxic substances that are easily inhaled. Make paper mache using black and white newspaper and library or white paste.
Avoid permanent, felt-tipped markers that may contain toxic solvents. Use water-based markers only.
Avoid adhesives that are not water-based, such as rubber cement or -solvent-based glues. Use polyvinyl acetate (PVA) white glue, which is the safest for children.
Avoid organic solvents or solvent-containing products; aerosol spray cans or air brushes; products that can stain the skin or clothing or cannot be washed out of clothing; and irritants or corrosive chemicals such as acids, alkalis, and bleach.
Parents or local businesses in the community sometimes offer childcare programs art materials they no longer need. However, accepting such donations can be dangerous unless the products are relatively new and all the ingredients are known. The older the material, the more likely it is to contain toxic substances, such as mercury, lead, or even asbestos, which can be present in old paper mache and modeling materials.
Safety Precautions
Art and craft time can be relaxing and encourages children to express themselves in new ways. By following a few simple safety precautions, you and your children can enjoy your creativity safely.
Do not eat or drink while using art and craft materials.
Always thoroughly clean after use--wash the children's hands, your own hands, and your supplies. The clean-up area should not be used for food preparation.
Never use products for skin painting or food preparation unless the product is specifically indicated for that use.
Do not transfer your art materials to other containers. Always keep them in the original packaging, which includes ingredient and safety information.
Provide appropriate supervision when children are using materials that are sharp or that could be ingested.
Paint Supplies
Paint products can become contaminated with bacteria or mold, which can lead to a strong, offensive, and in some cases, sickening odor. Paints such as poster paints and temperas that are intended for use with children, often contain organic materials that can decay if not stored properly or if stored for a long period of time.
Here are some tips to help you store paint safely and use it for as long as possible:
Avoid dusts or powders, such as powdered clay or powdered tempera paints that require mixing, which can be inhaled or can get in the children's eyes. Liquid tempera paints and talc-free, premixed clay are better choices. Be sure to wet mop and wipe surfaces after use to remove residue.
Store the product in its original container in a cool, dry place.
Mark the date of purchase on all containers, and use the oldest supplies first.
Thoroughly shake the paint before using. (Make sure the lid is secure!)
Remove only the amount of paint you will need for that day's activity. Discard any unused paint by rinsing it down a drain (away from your food preparation area) or sealing it in a container and putting it in a garbage can or dumpster outside the building. Do not return the unused portions to the original container--they may be spoiled and will contaminate the remaining paint.
If you dilute the paint to use it with your children, do not save or reuse it. Water can dilute preservatives in the paint that guard against bacteria and mold.
Avoid working directly from the original product containers--open them, take what you need, and seal them again. Egg carton sections, yogurt containers, disposable drinking cups, and other items can be cleaned to hold paint during art and craft.
Do not place brushes, hands, or other objects in the container--even stirring the paint with a stick can contaminate it.
Scott G. Allen
Executive Director
Illinois Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics
that is from this web site
http://www.kinderart.com/teachers/artmaterialsafety.shtml
Never use products for skin painting or food preparation unless the product is specifically indicated for that use.
If you dilute the paint to use it with your children, do not save or reuse it. Water can dilute preservatives in the paint that guard against bacteria and mold.
Avoid dusts or powders, such as powdered clay or powdered tempera paints that require mixing, which can be inhaled or can get in the children's eyes. Liquid tempera paints and talc-free, premixed clay are better choices. Be sure to wet mop and wipe surfaces after use to remove residue.
Do not place brushes, hands, or other objects in the container--even stirring the paint with a stick can contaminate it.
Scott Allen, MS
Executive Director
312/733-1026, ext 202
sallen@illinoisaap.com
Maybe he can help us in quotes for education of the public.
Clearly the article would frown on using crayola water paints which is not meant to be used on the the skin. Crayola paint is not a cosmetic and is not tested by the fda for use on face. Yes you can eat the large molecole crayola paint but it is not intended to be used as cosmetic for the skin. The safety has not been tested. Cosmetics are typically small moleculed and not large moleculed like crayola paint.
I see crayola water colors being used at house parties and festivals so we will get some quotes on why this is not appropriate or safe to use on childrens faces. I mean they will paint a two year olds face with this stuff.
I am discovering that face paint sometimes has nickel and lead in it. More resarch needed on this
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169072.php
Halloween Face Paints Contain Lead And Other Heavy Metals Says US Report
Featured Article
Main Category: Pediatrics / Children's Health
Also Included In: Regulatory Affairs / Drug Approvals; Dermatology
Article Date: 28 Oct 2009 - 11:00 PDT
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'Halloween Face Paints Contain Lead And Other Heavy Metals Says US Report'
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A US group that arranged for an independent lab to test 10 children's face paints for heavy metals and also review ingredient labels of Halloween products sold at a seasonal holiday store, has reported that Halloween face paints are contaminated with lead and other heavy metals, and other Halloween products contain hazardous ingredients. They recommend that parents consider safer alternatives for their children.
The report, titled Pretty Scary is from the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, a national coalition of US-based non-profit health and environmental groups and was released via their website on 27 October.
Low doses of lead can affect brain development, as can nickel, cobalt and chromium, which have also been linked to lifelong skin sensitization and contact dermatitis.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that parents do not put cosmetics that could contain lead on their children.
However, parents have no way of knowing whether the face paints they buy for their kids contain these metals because they are not listed on the product labels, said the report.
Apparently there is no legal requirement to list them because they are contaminants and not added ingredients.
Face paints are not just used during Halloween, but increasingly at other times of year when kids dress up and play, so their exposure is not limited to just one event in a year but possibly to several, with unknown accumulation effects. The lack of safety standards for cosmetics sold in the US should be a matter for concern for everyone, suggested the report.
The following points highlight some of the results in the report:
10 out of 10 children's face paints contained lead at levels between 0.05 and 0.65 parts per million (ppm).
6 out of 10 children's face paints contained nickel, cobalt and/or chromium at levels between 1.6 to 120 ppm (this is much higher than the industry safety standard of 1 ppm said the report).
Snazaroo Face Paint contained some of the highest levels of lead, nickel and cobalt found in the study. This product carries the words "non-toxic" and "hypoallergenic" on its label.
Jan Schakowsky, who is the Democrat House Representative for Illinois told the press that:
"Lead and other hazardous chemicals have no place in face paints kids use for dress-up and play on Halloween or any other day of the year."
He said the cosmetics laws in the US need to be stronger, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should be given the powers and resources it needs to "protect the health of our children from chemicals in cosmetics".
Director of the Children's Environmental Health Center at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, Dr Phil Landrigan said:
"Lead is dangerous to the developing brains of children at any level. It is now widely accepted in the scientific community that there is no threshold level below which lead is safe."
Dr Bruce A Brod, Clinical Associate Professor of Dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, said that nickel, cobalt and chromium are top allergens in children.
"To have these contaminants in face paints is concerning because early-life exposures increase the chance that kids will have lifelong sensitization and develop contact dermatitis on the face," he added.
Although the heavy metals found in the face paints were contaminants and not added ingredients, and therefore not listed in the product labels, the study also found that according to the label information, Halloween hair-color sprays and make-up products contained many hazardous ingredients such as:
Butane: a persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic compound.
Thiram: a neurotoxic, possibly carcinogenic compound that is used in pesticides.
Alumina: a neurotoxin.
Propylene glycol: this is possibly carcinogenic.
Pigment green 7 and pigment blue 15: neither of these has been approved by the FDA for use in cosmetics.
Lisa Archer, national coordinator of the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics at the Breast Cancer Fund, said:
"Parents should not have to worry that face paint contains lead and other hazardous substances. Companies are not making the safest products possible for children, even though kids are particularly vulnerable to toxic exposures."
Joan Blades, who co-founded Moms Rising, a national advocacy organization that concerns itself with family health and economic security said:
"Parents are stunned when they learn that these products made for kids have lead and other toxics in them."
"We don't understand how our government is so lax, nor why the manufacturers are so negligent," she added.
Campaign for Safe Cosmetics also advises that parents don't buy Halloween face masks for their children, as these can also be toxic and impede breathing and vision.
They said parents should be encouraged to avoid costumes that need face paints and masks, or they could make their own face paints from natural ingredients, using instructions to be found at www.safecosmetics.org/recipes#halloween.
-- read the full report (pdf)
Source: Campaign for Safe Cosmetics.
Written by: Catharine Paddock, PhD
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today
Okay trying to stay calm after reading that...
Snazaroo Face Paint contained some of the highest levels of lead, nickel and cobalt found in the study. This product carries the words "non-toxic" and "hypoallergenic" on its label.
This is the second ranked face paint on amazon.com.
Now I'd like to know if crayola paint or watercolor contains lead or paint since it is an unapproved way to do facepainting. So let me look that up.
www.safecosmetics.org/
This might be okay but has to be approved by a pediatric doctor at least. I don't really know if people are going to make their own face paint!
Face Paint and Halloween Makeup
To avoid heavy metals and other potentially harmful unknown ingredients in traditional Halloween face paint, try making your own using food-based ingredients. Remember, foods can cause allergies in some kids: always test your concoctions on a small patch of skin and read up on natural food colorings before sending your little ghouls out for a night of painted fun. And don’t forget that some foods can stain skin and clothes.
Face Paint Made with Natural Food Coloring
Natural food coloring is available at health food stores and typically derived from foods and spices. We recommend reading up about natural food colorings and potential allergies first. Do not substitute conventional food coloring, which may contain synthetic chemical ingredients.
Ingredients:
-Base of safe, unscented lotion (search Skin Deep for safe options) OR pure cocoa butter (available at health food stores) OR safe, fluoride-free toothpaste (search Skin Deep; avoid mint flavors, as they can make skin tingly)
-Natural food coloring (see note above)
Instructions:
Mix a few drops of natural food coloring into the base ingredient of your choice. Test on a small patch of skin before applying to face or body.
Face Paint Made with Food
Make sure young children understand they can’t eat these paints unless you make them without the base. Test a small patch of skin first to make sure your child isn’t allergic to the food you’re using.
Ingredients:
-Base of safe, unscented lotion (search Skin Deep for safe options) OR pure cocoa butter (available at health food stores) OR safe, fluoride-free toothpaste (search Skin Deep; avoid mint flavors, as they can make skin tingly)
-Turmeric, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, beets, avocado, spirulina, cocoa, chocolate sauce, squid ink or other colorful foods, juices, herbs and spices
Instructions:
Yellow: Add 1/4 tsp. and a large pinch of stale turmeric to base.
Pink: Using a sieve, mash the juice from 3 fresh or thawed frozen raspberries, blackberries or beets directly into the base. Or, use a deeply colored berry juice or puree.
Mint green: With a fork, mash 1/4 of a small avocado until creamy. Mix this into your base.
Emerald green: Add small amount spirulina or bright green chlorophyll to base.
Purple: Using a sieve, mash the juice from several fresh or frozen blueberries into the base. Or, use blueberry juice.
Brown: Add cocoa powder or chocolate sauce to base.
Black: Use a small amount of squid ink in base for true black.
White: Mix powdered sugar and water.
More Halloween makeup ideas from the Smart Mama blog
How to make natural food coloring – from food!
Okay I see the problem. Crayola watercolor r considered wonderful for face painting but r they tested for that?
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Great for face painting!, May 18, 2011
By
Razzle
= Durability:5.0 out of 5 stars = Fun:5.0 out of 5 stars = Educational:5.0 out of 5 stars
http://www.amazon.com/review/RLOU54R0K70H1Amazon Verified Purchase(What's this?)
This review is from: Crayola 24ct Watercolor Colored Pencils (Toy)
I saw these used for "face painting" at a couple of kids' parties. That's what I got them for. Actual face paint is too messy. These pencils are great. I have a bowl with a wet sponge in it. Then I just dip the tip of a pencil on the sponge and then just draw on my kids' skin. They're non-toxic, so it's ok. They don't leave stains after it's washed off the skin. We have yet to use them for watercoloring.
CRayola insists non of their paints or watercolors or watercolor pencils r meant for use on face.
http://family.go.com/blog/wisebozo/fun-with-face-painting-261539/
It's summer, and time to indulge in that ever-present amusement available at all fairs, festivals, carnivals, and street parties: face painting.
Ah, face painting! I love watching little kids sport butterflies, kitten noses, and tiger stripes as they race around in the heat. Some even have fairies, or bats, or superhero masks applied. Whatever the design, kids love having something special on their faces.
As someone who painted up her own face in clown makeup for several years, here's how to make the most of your kid's face painting.
If the face painters don't powder the design after it's done, you should. Powder sets the makeup and keeps it from melting, smudging and running off the little faces. Nothing spells disappointment and weeping like a smudged butterfly!
It's easy to do. Fill a small cotton sock with baby powder and store it in a small plastic bag. To apply, tap the sock lightly on the design, and blow or brush off the excess. (A makeup brush is perfect for this.) You can even repeat this during really hot days.
Voila! You have just ensured that your child's beautiful face painting will stay put until you decide to take it off.
"But how do you get the stuff off?" I hear you cry.
Easy-peasy. Rub on a little baby oil or vegetable oil into the painting until it turns into a smeary mess. (Your child might even enjoy this step!) Wipe it off with tissue, then wash.
Enjoy your summer!
Member Comments On...
Fun with Face Painting
Share Your Comment 5 Comments Create / Edit your profile
Painteriam
Painteriam says:
September 22, 2010
In face painting, once you possess basic skills along with the proper supplies, the possibilities are endless. In fact, more people starts the process of learning to face paint doing only the basics. Good luck to all the newbie face painters. Enjoy this art.
http://facepaintingcenter.com/how-to-do-face-painting
Not Acceptable
Painteriam
Painteriam says:
September 22, 2010
In face painting, once you possess basic skills along with the proper supplies, the possibilities are endless. In fact, more people starts the process of learning to face paint doing only the basics. Good luck to all the newbie face painters. Enjoy this art.
Not Acceptable
kyntirec
kyntirec says:
November 20, 2007
While Princess_peg recommends Crayola Watercolor pencils, Crayola says that NONE of their products is intended for use as a facepaint. They recommend that you use FDA approved face paints.
http://www.crayola.com/canwehelp/contact/faq_view.cfm?id=24
Here are some safe facepainting tips but I am convinced there is no way to do safe painting safely without making your own face paint. Using disposable cue tips and disposable paper plates as palates. But people r going to face paint any way so here it goes.
http://painting.about.com/od/faceandbodypainting/a/FacePaintCindy.htm
Top 10 Safety Tips for Face Painting
Safety issues to consider when face painting, whether professionally or not.
From Cindy Trusty
See More About:
face painting
face painting designs
"Top 10 Safety Tips for Face Painting"
Face painting can be a very rewarding business.
© Cindy Trusty www.cindyscc.com
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Face painting is a fun activity, and can be a very rewarding business. For some people, it is an occasional event where they paint just a few kids. For others, it becomes a career involving days or even weeks of 10-hour days at festivals, painting person after person. No matter which type of painter you are, there are some safety considerations to keep in mind when you are painting.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 1: Use Suitable Paints
“Non-Toxic” does not mean “safe for skin.” Acrylic craft paints are not meant to be used on the skin – nor are watercolor markers or pencils. Just because the package says "non-toxic" does not mean that it is safe to put on skin. Many people are allergic to the non-FDA approved chemicals and colorants used in craft paints (such as nickel), and will break out in a rash from these paints. Watercolor markers (or "washable markers") do not remove from skin easily – it can take days to get the stain removed. The "washable" part of the name refers to fabric, not skin. There are many brands of safe face paint readily available (Snazaroo [Buy Direct], Wolfe Brothers, Fardel, Paradise, Mehron, Kryolan, and Ben Nye, for example) and they are not more expensive than craft paints since a little bit goes a very long way!
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 2: Check the Glitter
Metallic craft glitter should not be used for face painting. The only safe glitters for face painting are made of polyester, and should be .008 microns in size or smaller. That is the size that the FDA classifies as “cosmetic size” and safe for use on skin.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 3: Cleaning Brushes and Sponges
Alcohol is not an effective sanitizer for brushes and sponges -- it can actually promote the growth of bacteria if used in small amounts. Any traces of the alcohol left on the brush or sponge can cause pain to sensitive tissue (like the eye area).
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 4: Health Considerations
Do not paint anyone who has a contagious illness, or who has open sores or wounds. Even acne should be avoided, as the necessary rubbing to remove the paint can also cause irritation to the sensitized skin. In cases like this, suggest painting another area, such as the arm, or offer them a sticker instead.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 5: Wash Your Hands
Wash your hands between each customer, using either baby wipes or a hand sanitizer (I use Purell). This will help keep you healthy, too!
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 6: Avoiding Head Lice
Check each child as they sit in your chair to make sure they don’t have head lice. Since many painters hold the child’s head to steady them while painting, this can be an easy way to transfer head lice. It is also a good idea for painters with long hair to keep their hair pulled back in a pony tail or braid, to prevent possible contamination with lice.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 7: Ensure You’re Comfortable
Make sure you have a comfortable chair for yourself, if you paint sitting down, or very comfortable and supportive shoes, if you paint while standing, to protect your back. It is very easy to do long-term damage to your back by holding an uncomfortable position for hours, and face painting is an activity that can easily cause repetitive-stress injuries.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 8: Avoid Repetitive-Stress Injuries
Organize your work space to minimize the amount of repetitive bending, stretching, and twisting that you have to do while painting, again to avoid repetitive-stress injuries. Stop and take a stretch break after every few paintings.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 9: Consider Yourself
Make sure to drink enough liquid, and eat at least a snack every few hours. You don’t want to faint from exhaustion or hunger!
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 10: Think About Insurance
For your peace of mind and the client’s, consider purchasing face-painting insurance. If you’re working in the USA, two places that sell insurance for face painters are Clowns of the U.S. (you don’t need to be a clown to qualify) and the World Clown Association (you’ll need to become a member). In the UK, members of FACE (UK Face Painting Association) get automatic public-liability insurance.
About the Author: Cindy Trusty is a professional, award-winning face painter working in Minneapolis/St Paul and surrounding areas.
No information on cleaning brushes. You should use disposable qtips or costemtic sponges. Throwing all out between customers.
avoid painting people with obvious contageious disease but what if their contageious disease is in early stage?
Okay One tip is use a hand sanitizer in between customers.
Check for head lice.
Get insurance.
http://www.safecosmetics.org/article.php?id=591
by Sheila Pell, San Diego Reader
October 28th, 2009
On a blustery afternoon, just down the road from a Mission Valley lot that’s already advertising Christmas trees, costumed sign bearers point the way to a recently opened Halloween store. Every October “they just pop up,” says one of the store’s temporary hires, explaining the magical birth of the seasonal one-stop shops.
What pops up with them is a rash of health concerns. Last year it was toxic black henna tattoos and lead warnings on Halloween makeup sold in Target stores (printed only because California requires a warning for detectable amounts of lead, for which the Centers for Disease Control say no safe blood level has been identified).
But there’s more to the story than annual news fodder. It isn’t just one night, one goblin glob-fest before it’s all washed down the drain and into the waterways. Ghosts with names like carbon black and terephthalate haunt us all year long. Makeup from China, meant to be smeared on children, calls attention to the stuff that makes the green so gooey and the goo so green. But the same chemicals leach into human bodies on a daily basis from ordinary shampoo, deodorant, mouthwash, creams, and cosmetics. With few exceptions, the chemicals in personal-care products are unregulated.
“Most people think there are some requirements for safety testing of products, but that is not the case,” says Stacy Malkan, San Francisco–based cofounder of the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, a national coalition of nonprofit health and environmental groups that work to overhaul the industry (as Europe has already done). Dr. Sharon Jacob, a San Diego dermatologist and UCSD clinical professor who has treated chemical reactions, shares the groups’ concerns.
The Food and Drug Administration admits it is toothless. “Except for color additives, FDA does not have the authority to approve cosmetic products or ingredients,” states the agency’s website. Halloween makeup products, the website says, “are considered cosmetics and are therefore subject to the same regulations as other cosmetics, including the same restrictions on color additives.”
Toxic color additives, however, abound. Like PPD (p-phenylenediamine) in black henna, also used in hair dye, lipstick, and colorant shampoo. “There is no way for a consumer to know at what concentration a chemical is in a product without sending it to a lab and spending a few hundred bucks,” Malkan says.
Last year, Dr. Jacob was in the news calling for black henna, used by some tattoo artists to extend the life of tattoos, to be made illegal. Yet, according to the Food and Drug Administration’s webpage on henna dyes, it already is. Even ordinary henna is illegal when applied to skin: “Henna, a coloring made from a plant, is approved only for use as a hair dye, not for direct application to the skin, as in the body-decorating process known as mehndi.” Yet San Diego’s henna parlors freely advertise their FDA-outlawed services, even broadcasting them to reporters last year when black henna panic erupted.
In the wake of many complaints and a lawsuit after consumers were injured by black henna tattoos, the administration issued an import alert and warned that the tattoos may cause serious allergic reactions. While the offending ingredient, PPD, is allowed only in low concentrations, Malkan points out that consumers are bombarded by chemicals. Small amounts from many sources add up. The FDA, however, doesn’t consider cumulative exposure.
“There’s no way to know what by-products are there or combined toxicities, and many chemicals have not been studied at all,” Malkan says. Aside from ingredient lists and some boilerplate warnings on labels, it’s buyer beware. She describes her recent foray into a Halloween store as “quite frightening.” There were “lots of questionable products,” she says, “including hair sprays with warnings to not use around the eyes, ears, and mouth and to not inhale, as if that were possible.” In Hot Hair Neon Pink, made by Fun Unlimited, “we found many dyes that have government bans or warnings,” Malkan says.
“Some of the stuff is marked nontoxic, but it is definitely not.”
In May, Dr. Jacob signed a letter along with Malkan and other advocacy groups requesting Johnson & Johnson to remove hazardous chemicals from their products “and switch to safer alternatives.” Lab tests, commissioned by the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, had found the suspected human carcinogens formaldehyde and 1,4-dioxane in Johnson’s Baby Shampoo and other products.
Among the letter’s requests: “Phase all phthalates out of your products.”
Phthalates are known for their assault on hormones, which regulate cellular functions but are known by most people for their role in shaping the reproductive system. Under the influence of phthalates, amphibians have been shown to turn hermaphrodite; a warning, researchers say, for two-legged creatures.
It didn’t take long to find phthalates and other ghoulish ingredients in a local big-box store selling Halloween makeup. In Grossmont Center’s Walmart, the aisles are getting their bones picked. Parents, tots, and tweens rummage through the wares, trying on hats, wielding plastic swords, and discussing costumes. Row upon row of no-brand makeup hangs from the hooks. Long ingredient lists suggest the components of rockets, not creams for lips, skin, and scalp. No-brand Neon Glitter Makeup from Taiwan has phthalates in its lipstick and roll-on face makeup, listed in the top 4 of 12 ingredients. Food and Drug Administration rules state that the amount of each chemical in a product is shown by “descending order of predominance.” In humans, phthalates are linked to birth defects and infertility, according to the Centers for Disease Control.
“I haven’t heard of [phthalates] in lip gloss,” Malkan says. “Very interesting.” Malkan’s group has written extensively about phthalates in cosmetics. “Phthalates shouldn’t be in products at any concentration,” she says.
Also lurking in Walmart lipstick and roll-on makeup is D&C Red No. 7, a Food and Drug–restricted color — not for use near the eyes. It tangles with several other dyes. Ingredients with worse profiles, according to the Cosmetic Safety Database, a consumer tool launched by the Environmental Working Group, are found in products in Mission Valley’s Halloween store, as well as Walmart: parabens, BHT, and EDTA, for example. Even mineral oil, a liquid mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, can be toxic due to contamination by known or suspected carcinogens. Mineral oil is an ingredient in lipstick and base makeup sold in Walmart.
Malkan says that lead, while restricted in colorants to certain concentrations, can run amok in other products. “Lead is allowed in any amount in finished cosmetic products, with no limits and no requirements to disclose it on the label.”
Rarely are chemicals, even known carcinogens, banned. Products with Food and Drug Administration–restricted ingredients must display warning labels, such as an announcement that an ingredient has caused cancer in lab animals or a recommendation to test the product on a small area of skin for an allergic reaction.
The roll-on makeup with the restricted red dye, for example, warns that it should not be used around the eyes and that it’s “not intended for use by children under 14.” Other packages carry similar generic warnings, with a slew of varying age recommendations: not for those under age 7, 8, 14, 15.
Carbon black, a material produced by the incomplete combustion of petroleum products, graced the ingredient list of a hair dye sold in Walmart. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, carbon black is “possibly carcinogenic to humans.” In 2004, in response to an industry petition, the FDA allowed carbon black into cosmetics. Now D&C Black No. 2 is found in many products besides hair dyes, from lipstick to eyeliner to foundation makeup.
“The whole safety system for cosmetics in the United States comes down to one concept,” Malkan says. “We’re supposed to trust the companies to do what’s right. Unfortunately, companies are making safety decisions all over the board. Some are making products safe enough to eat, while others make products with carcinogens, phthalates, and many other toxic ingredients.”
Christy Bartlett of San Diego Bath & Body Company — a signer of the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics’ Compact for Safe Cosmetics — says her company “is finding that it’s not difficult to adhere to the compact.
“It is up for debate as to whether or not some ingredients are unsafe to some companies,” Bartlett says. “We believe that ‘all-natural’ means no artificial colors, fragrances, color, or preservatives. For example, grapefruit seed extract is controversial, and so are parabens. Some question use of soy too. We avoid them all.”
Malkan says the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics expects Congress to tackle the issue of cosmetics regulation in the next few months. Such legislation would parallel current efforts to overhaul the limp 1976 Toxic Substances Control Act.
Her group has just put out a report on laboratory testing it commissioned on Halloween products. The lab tested ten face paints and found that all had lead. Six of the ten contained the allergens cobalt, chromium, and nickel, which Malkan says “can cause lifelong skin problems.”
Hiram Machicote, the manager at the Mission Valley Halloween shop owned by Canoga Park–based Halloween Adventure, says he’s not aware of any problems with makeup sold in the store. There was one recent customer, though, who told him about a Halloween-related incident, one that involved fake hair and surgery to remove it. The incident didn’t involve his store, and the customer, he says, wanted to buy fake hair again but hoped to avoid what happened last time.
“She used superglue on her husband’s head,” he says. “This year she’ll be using spirit gum.”
Malkan says that lead, while restricted in colorants to certain concentrations, can run amok in other products. “Lead is allowed in any amount in finished cosmetic products, with no limits and no requirements to disclose it on the label.”
Temporary tattoo danger causing pneumonia and impetigo
Moms View Message Board: Parenting Discussion: Temporary tattoo danger causing pneumonia and impetigo
By Feonad on Tuesday, June 19, 2012 - 10:55 am:
Ive notice at two hOme parties temporary ratios being applied w one warm face cloth to 20 children's face and hands and arms.
I am trying to create a public awareness campaign that this is a germ spreading practice that can kill of the right germ is spread. Please helpe by calling local tv shows news department and school and local public Heath numbers and the CDC. The more concerned parents that get involved the better?
Who would wash 20 kids hands and faces w one warm germ prone facecloth. I believe this practice caused a pneumonia outbreak in Lynbrook my where one child had a seizure and than got pneumonia. The whole class got pneumonia after these home parties w temporary tattoos.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 07:38 am:
I putting my research here to put letter for the school district and a pr web announcement.
By Feona on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 07:49 am:
The pediatrition informed me that unsanitary methods of temporary tatto such as using one face impetigo and lice and ring worm. Once form of impetigo my child had. All his skin fell off his entire body and face and he couldn't eat. He was in the hospital for about 4 days were he could have picked of another infection and died because all his skin had fallen off his body.
Ring Worm I have experienced as a child. I picked it up at a y camp over 35 years ago. They had not put enough clorine in the water. For the rest of the summer I had to be covered from head to toe else I would be permanent scared from the ring worm.
I addressed this with our local school districts on education for parent since I notice that temporary tatoos and face painting r showing up more and more at home parties and it is all being done unsanitarily.
I began thinking about the facepainting and doing alittle research. They love to use crayola water colors. One tray for the entire party. I think you could paint 50 kids with one three dollar pages. One or more brushes and beautiful art emerges. The face painter is touch the kids hair. (transmital of lice). Not cleaning the brush unless she has too. Cleaning method is one cup of water for 20 kids. If one of the kids has impetigo or ring worm. It might be one the brush or in the water now or in the paint set.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 07:58 am:
Impetigo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection most common among pre-school children.[1] People who play close contact sports such as rugby, American football and wrestling are also susceptible, regardless of age. Impetigo is not as common in adults. The name derives from the Latin impetere ("assail"). It is also known as school sores.[2]
And why did the school not want to do a education campain on the safe use of temporary tattoo? Could it be that they have been allowing the dirty practic of using a could of paper towers and a little bowl of water to be used to do temporary tatoos and they are afraid of being sued for the possible contraction of one of their students of imetigo?
Wikipedia is called school sores but the school has no interest in educationing the parents of how this annoying and potentially life threatening illness can be avoided? My school district send a letter home for every case of impetigo and lice and ring worm. But not one letter on how to avoid these diseases.
Is there something wrong with that? When they education on teeth brushing, washing hands, germs, washing hands before eatting, washing hands after going to toilets, health eatting practices and exercise physical education.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:00 am:
Causes
It is primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and sometimes by Streptococcus pyogenes.[3] According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, both bullous and nonbullous are primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus, with Streptococcus also commonly being involved in the nonbullous form."[4]
Transmission
The infection is spread by direct contact with lesions or with nasal carriers. The incubation period is 1–3 days. Dried streptococci in the air are not infectious to intact skin. Scratching may spread the lesions.
Diagnosis
Impetigo generally appears as honey-colored scabs formed from dried serum, and is often found on the arms, legs, or face.[3]
Treatment
For generations, the disease was treated with an application of the antiseptic gentian violet.[5] Today, topical or oral antibiotics are usually prescribed. Treatment may involve washing with soap and water and letting the impetigo dry in the air. Mild cases may be treated with bactericidal ointment, such as mupirocin, which in some countries may be available over-the-counter. More severe cases require oral antibiotics, such as dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin or erythromycin. Alternatively amoxicillin combined with clavulanate potassium, cephalosporins (1st generation) and many others may also be used as an antibiotic treatment.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:01 am:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impetigo
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:05 am:
Now we are one to what is head lice. I had an experience when I was student teaching where the almost the entire class got head lice. Most girls in the class had long and love thick hair. I don't know if I got it or not. I of course treated myself for lice and washed all the bedding and laundry in hot water. Since almost all the kids got it I was sure I had it and was scratching my head untill I treated it. Frightening for some reason!
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:08 am:
Thank you for going on this learning discovery for me since I am admitted not knowledgable in public health.
As we just learned impetigo can be on the arms and face where temporary tatoos are place and facepaining done.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:13 am:
This would make a wonderful science project which I am sure would will a national merit science award. Testing for impetigo at a carnival where they do 100 and sometimes thousands of childrens faces. Test the facepaint after every ten or so kids?
A high school student won the national merit scholorship when he tested baterial in McDonalds soda machines and Mcdonalds toilets. The soda machines had very high levels of baterial higher than the toilets. Roach love soda machines and people have dirty hands. This is the same sort of research. Easy to do but this involved educating people on stopping spreading a communical disease. Which is more important research and don't forget easy to do. You can even do it with the fellow researchers in the school approves.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:15 am:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculosis_capitisis_capitis
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:16 am:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lice
There it is.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:18 am:
"Lice" redirects here. For the infection, see Pediculosis. For the district of Diyarbakır Province in Turkey, see Lice, Turkey.
For other uses, see Louse (disambiguation).
Page semi-protected
Phthiraptera
Light micrograph of Fahrenholzia pinnata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder: Exopterygota
Order: Phthiraptera
Haeckel, 1896
Suborders
Anoplura
Rhyncophthirina
Ischnocera
Amblycera
Louse (plural: lice) is the common name for members of over 3,000 species of wingless insects of the order Phthiraptera; three of which are classified as human disease agents. They are obligate ectoparasites of every avian and mammalian order except for monotremes (the platypus and echidnas), bats, whales, dolphins, porpoises and pangolins.
Contents
1 Biology
2 Ecology
2.1 A few major trends
2.2 A few effects of lice infestation upon the host
3 Classification
4 Lice in humans
4.1 Human lice and DNA discoveries
5 Gallery
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Biology
Most lice are scavengers, feeding on skin and other debris found on the host's body, but some species feed on sebaceous secretions and blood. Most are found only on specific types of animals, and, in some cases, only to a particular part of the body; some animals are known to host up to fifteen different species, although one to three is typical for mammals, and two to six for birds. For example, in humans, different species of louse inhabit the scalp and pubic hair. Lice generally cannot survive for long if removed from their host.[1]
A louse's color varies from pale beige to dark gray; however, if feeding on blood, it may become considerably darker. Female lice are usually more common than the males, and some species are even known to be parthenogenetic. A louse's egg is commonly called a nit. Many lice attach their eggs to their host's hair with specialized saliva; the saliva/hair bond is very difficult to sever without specialized products. Lice inhabiting birds, however, may simply leave their eggs in parts of the body inaccessible to preening, such as the interior of feather shafts. Living lice eggs tend to be pale white. Dead lice eggs are more yellow.[1]
Lice are exopterygotes, being born as miniature versions of the adult, known as nymphs. The young moult three times before reaching the final adult form, usually within a month of hatching.[1]
Ecology
Lice are optimal model organisms to study the ecology of contagious pathogens since their quantities, sex-ratios etc. are easier to quantify than those of other pathogens. The ecology of avian lice has been studied more intensively than that of mammal lice.
A few major trends
The average number of lice per host tends to be higher in large-bodied bird species than in small ones.[2]
Louse individuals exhibit an aggregated distribution across bird individuals, i.e. most lice live on a few birds, while most birds are relatively free of lice. This pattern is more pronounced in territorial than in colonial—more social—bird species.[3]
Host taxa that dive under the water surface to feed on aquatic prey harbor fewer taxa of lice.[4][5]
Bird taxa that are capable of exerting stronger antiparasitic defense—such as stronger T cell immune response or larger uropygial glands—harbor more taxa of Amblyceran lice than others.[6][7]
Temporal bottlenecks in host population size may cause a long-lasting reduction of louse taxonomic richness.[8] E.g., birds introduced into New Zealand host fewer species of lice there than in Europe.[9][10]
Louse sex ratios are more balanced in more social hosts and more female-biased in less social hosts, presumably due to the stronger isolation among louse subpopulations (living on separate birds) in the latter case.[11]
A few effects of lice infestation upon the host
Lice may reduce host life expectancy.[12]
Lice may transmit microbial diseases or helminth parasites.[13]
Ischnoceran lice may reduce the thermoregulation effect of the plumage, thus heavily infected birds lose more heat than other ones.[14]
Lice infestation is a disadvantage in the context of sexual rivalry.[15][16]
Classification
The order has traditionally been divided into two suborders, the sucking lice (Anoplura) and the chewing lice (Mallophaga); however, recent classifications suggest that the Mallophaga are paraphyletic and four suborders are now recognized:
Anoplura: sucking lice, occurring on mammals exclusively
Rhyncophthirina: parasites of elephants and warthogs
Ischnocera: mostly avian chewing lice, however, one family parasitizes mammals
Amblycera: a primitive suborder of chewing lice, widespread on birds, however, also live on South-American and Australian mammals
It has been suggested that the order is contained by the Troctomorpha suborder of Psocoptera.
Lice in humans
For information about human infestation, see Pediculosis. For information on treatment, see Treatment of human head lice.
A lice comb
Humans host three different kinds of lice: head lice, body lice, and pubic lice. Lice infestations can be controlled with lice combs, and medicated shampoos or washes. Adult and nymphal lice can survive on sheep-shearers' moccasins for up to 10 days, but microwaving the footwear for five minutes in a plastic bag will kill the lice.[17]
Human lice and DNA discoveries
Lice have been the subject of significant DNA research that has led to discoveries on human evolution. For example, recent DNA evidence suggests that pubic lice spread to humans approximately 2,000,000 years ago from gorillas.[18] Additionally, the DNA differences between head lice and body lice provide corroborating evidence that humans started losing body hair, also about 2,000,000 years ago.[19]
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:22 am:
Lice may reduce host life expectancy.[12]
Lice may transmit microbial diseases or helminth parasites.[13]
Okay. Lice many reduce host life expectancy. That must be when untreated. That sounds bad....
There is head lice where the face painters are touching and body lice where the temporary tattoos are being placed. Im sure if lice can be on the body and the hair they can be one the arms and face where face painting and temporary tatoos r being unsanitarily done.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:23 am:
Looks like I got the wrong lice link from wikipedia so lets see if I can do better!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculosis_capitis
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:26 am:
Pediculosis capitis[1] (also known as head lice infestation, "nits" and cooties[1]) is a human medical condition caused by the colonization of the hair and skin by the parasitic insect Pediculus humanus capitis—the head louse[citation needed]. Typically, only the head or scalp of the host is infested. Head lice feed on human blood (hematophagy), and itching from lice bites is a common symptom of this condition.[2] Treatment typically includes application of topical insecticides such as a pyrethrin or permethrin, although a variety of herbal remedies are also common.[3]
Lice infestation in general is known as pediculosis, and occurs in many mammalian and bird species.[4][5] The term pediculosis capitis, or simply "pediculosis", is sometimes used to refer to the specific human pediculosis due to P. humanus capitis (i.e., head-louse infestation)[citation needed]. Humans are hosts for two other lice as well — the body louse and the crab louse.
Head-lice infestation is widely endemic, especially in children. It is a cause of some concern in public health, although, unlike human body lice, head lice are not carriers of other infectious diseases. It has been suggested that in the past, head lice infection has been a mutualistic beneficial condition which helps to defend against the far more dangerous disease-carrying body louse.[6]
Contents
1 Signs and symptoms
2 Cause
2.1 Vectorial capacity
3 Diagnosis
4 Prevention
5 Treatment
6 Epidemiology
7 History
8 Society and culture
8.1 School policy
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Signs and symptoms
Adult male (left) and female (right) head lice
The most common symptom of infestation is pruritus (itching) on the head which normally intensifies 3 to 4 weeks after the initial infestation[citation needed]. The bite reaction is very mild and it can be rarely seen between the hairs. Bites can be seen, especially in the neck of long-haired individuals when the hair is pushed aside. In rare cases, the itch scratch cycle can lead to secondary infection with impetigo and pyoderma[citation needed]. Swelling of the local lymph nodes and fever are rare. Head lice are not known to transmit any pathogenic microorganisms.
Cause
Head lice are generally spread through direct head-to-head contact with an infested person; transmission by sharing bedding or clothing such as headwear is much less common.[7] Body lice are spread through direct contact with the body, clothing or other personal items of a person already carrying lice. Pubic lice are most often spread by intimate contact with an infested person. Head lice occur on the head hair, body lice on the clothing, and pubic lice mainly on the hair near the groin. Human lice do not occur on pets or other animals[citation needed]. Lice do not have wings and cannot jump[citation needed].
From each egg or "nit" may hatch one nymph that will grow and develop to the adult louse[citation needed]. Full-grown lice are found to be the size of a sesame seed. Lice feed on blood 1-8 times each day by piercing the skin with their tiny needle-like mouthparts[citation needed]. Lice cannot burrow into the skin.
Head lice and body lice (Pediculus humanus) are similar in appearance, although the head lice is often smaller.[8] Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis), on the other hand, are quite distinctive. They have shorter bodies and pincer-like claws, and are colloquially known as "crabs"[citation needed].
Vectorial capacity
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are not known to be vectors of diseases, unlike body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus), which are known vectors of epidemic or louse-borne typhus (Rickettsia prowazeki), trench fever (Rochalimaea quintana) and louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrellia recurrentis)[citation needed].
Diagnosis
Lice comb (Bug Buster) wet combing with conditioner for diagnosis and treatment. Head lice can be seen in foam.
The condition is diagnosed by the presence of lice or eggs in the hair, which is facilitated by using a magnifying glass or running a comb through the child's hair. In questionable cases, a child can be referred to a health professional. However, the condition is overdiagnosed, with extinct infestations being mistaken for active ones. As a result, lice-killing treatments are more often used on noninfested than infested children.[9] The use of a louse comb is the most effective way to detect living lice.[10] In cases of children with dirty, long and/or curly/frizzy hair, an alternative method of diagnosis is examination by parting the hair at 2 cm intervals to look for moving lice near the scalp[citation needed]. With both methods, special attention should be paid to the area near the ears and the nape of the neck. The examiner should examine the scalp for at least 5 minutes[citation needed]. The use of a magnifying glass to examine the material collected between the teeth of the comb could prevent misdiagnosis.
The presence of nits alone, however, is not an accurate indicator of an active head louse infestation. Children with nits on their hair have a 35-40% chance of also being infested with living lice and eggs.[10][11] If lice are detected, the entire family needs to be checked (especially children up to the age of 13 years) with a louse comb, and only those who are infested with living lice should be treated. As long as no living lice are detected, the child should be considered negative for head louse infestation. Accordingly, a child should be treated with a pediculicide ONLY when living lice are detected on his/her hair (not because he/she has louse eggs/nits on the hair and not because the scalp is itchy).[12]
Prevention
World War II-era American poster, created to prevent outbreaks of pediculosis among servicemen.
Examination of the child’s head at regular intervals using a louse comb allows the diagnosis of louse infestation at an early stage. Early diagnosis makes treatment easier and reduces the possibility of infesting others. In times and areas when louse infestations are common, weekly examinations of children, especially those 4–15 yrs old, carried out by their parents will aid control. Additional examinations are necessary if the child came in contact with infested individuals, if the child frequently scratches his/her head, or if nits suddenly appear on the child’s hair. Keeping long hair tidy could be helpful in the prevention of infestations with head lice.
Clothes, towels, bedding, combs and brushes, which came in contact with the infested individual, can be disinfected either by leaving them outside for at least 2 weeks or by washing them at 60°C(140 degrees F) for 30 minutes.[13] This is because adult lice can survive only one to two days without a blood meal, and are highly dependent on human body warmth.[14] An insecticidal treatment of the house and furniture is not necessary.
Treatment
Main article: Treatment of human head lice
There is no product or method which assures 100% destruction of the eggs and hatched lice after a single treatment. However, there are a number of treatment modalities that can be employed with varying degrees of success. These methods include chemical treatments, natural products, combs, shaving, hot air,[15] and silicone-based lotions[16] however all effective treatments require a two-fold process of killing both the adult lice and the eggs. Generally the eggs (nits) need to be manually picked off one by one in order to ensure all live eggs are removed.
Lice on the hair and body are usually treated with medicated shampoos or cream rinses. Nit combs can be used to remove lice and nits from the hair. Laundering clothes using high heat can eliminate body lice. Efforts to treat should focus on the hair or body (or clothes), and not on the home environment[citation needed].
Some lice have become resistant to certain (but not all) insecticides used in commercially available anti-louse products. A physician or pharmacist can prescribe or suggest treatments. Empty eggs of head lice may remain attached to the hair shaft long after the lice have been eliminated[citation needed], but rarely are adult lice seen even with an active infestation. Since there is no way to determine whether each egg is alive or dead, chemical treatment (which may not kill the eggs) should be considered only when live (crawling) lice are discovered in order to kill the adults. Instead, nitpicking, which is checking each hair strand for eggs and picking off each egg, should be used to prevent the possibility of an egg hatching resulting in reinfestation.
Epidemiology
“ Reliable data describing the usual incidence of infestation in the general public, in the average school community, or during specific times of the year are lacking. ”
—Janis Hootman, 2002[17]
The number of cases of human louse infestations (or pediculosis) has increased worldwide since the mid-1960s, reaching hundreds of millions annually.[18]
Despite improvements in medical treatment and prevention of human diseases during the 20th century, head louse infestation remains stubbornly prevalent. In 1997, 80% of American elementary schools reported at least one outbreak of lice.[19] Lice infestation during that same period was more prevalent than chicken pox.[19]
About 6-12 million children between the ages of 3 and 11 are treated annually for head lice in the United States alone.[7] High levels of louse infestations have also been reported from all over the world including Israel, Denmark, Sweden, U.K., France and Australia.[12][20]
The number of children per family, the sharing of beds and closets, hair washing habits, local customs and social contacts, healthcare in a particular area (e.g. school) and socioeconomic status were found to be significant factors in head louse infestation[citation needed]. Girls are 2-4 times more frequently infested than boys[citation needed]. Children between 4 and 13 years of age are the most frequently infested group.[21] In the U.S., African-American children have lower rates of infestation.[7]
The United Kingdom's National Health Service[citation needed] and many American health agencies [1][2][3] report that lice "prefer" clean hair because it's easier to attach eggs and to cling to the strands; however, this is often contested.
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation is most frequent on children aged 3–10 and their families.[22] Females get head lice twice more often than males,[22] and infestation in persons of Afro-Caribbean or other black descent is rare because of hair consistency.[22] But these children may have nits that hatch and the live lice could be transferred by head contact to other children.[23]
History
Hunting lice by candlelight by Andries Both, ca 1630 (National Gallery, Budapest)
Society and culture
School policy
Main article: School head lice policy
Because head louse infestation occurs primarily in children,[17] much of the effort to prevent head lice transmission has focused on school and day care settings—places where large numbers of children come into close contact. Schools in the United States, Canada, and Australia commonly exclude infested students, and prevent return of those students until all lice, eggs, and nits are removed.[24] This is the basis of the "no-nit policy". Data from a primarily American study during 1998-1999 found that no-nit policies were present at 82% of the schools attended by children suspected of louse infestation.[9] A separate 1998 survey revealed that 60% of American school nurses felt that "forced absenteeism of any child who has any nits in their hair is a good idea."[25]
Head louse nits on human hair
School head lice policy involves a number of issues:
Establishing criteria to infer infestation
Screening asymptomatic children for evidence of infestation
Establishing the circumstances under which children will be inspected
Immediate exclusion of infested children
Establishing criteria to permit previously infested children to return to school (e.g., the no-nit policy)
All of these policies are controversial. In particular, a number of health researchers and organizations object to the required removal of nits (i.e., the no-nit policy).[24][26][27][28] Opponents to the no-nit policy point out that nits, being empty egg casings, have no clinical importance.[24] Transmission can only occur via live lice or eggs. Time-consuming nit removal, therefore, has no direct effect on transmission. This has led to the perception that the no-nit policy serves only to ease the workload of school nurses and punish the parents of infested children.[24]
Proponents of the no-nit policy counter that only a consistently nit-free child can be reliably shown to be infestation-free.[29] That is, the presence of nits serves as an indirect proxy for infestation status. Proponents argue that such a proxy is necessary because lice screening is prone to false negative conclusions (i.e., failure to find lice present on actively infested children).[26][30] For example, a 1998 Israeli study found that 76% of live lice infestations were missed by visual inspection (as verified by subsequent combing methods).[10][17] Although lice cannot fly or jump, they are fast and agile in their native environment (i.e., clinging to hairs near the warmth of the scalp),[5][26] and will try to avoid the light used during inspection.[8][31] Lice colonies are also sparse (often fewer than 10 lice), which can contribute to difficulty in finding live specimens.[21] Further, lice populations consist predominantly of immature nymphs,[32] which are even smaller and harder to detect than adult lice.[10]
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:29 am:
The reason head lice or body lice might be transmited with unclean use of temporary tatoos and facepaint is because the facepainter touches the childs hair and transmits the lice to the next child. Body lice the same idea is apparents.
Lets see what we can learn about body lice.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:31 am:
This article is about the animal. For the disease known as body lice, see Pediculosis corporis .
Body louse
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Phthiraptera
Suborder: Anoplura
Family: Pediculidae
Genus: Pediculus
Species: P. humanus
Subspecies: P. h. humanus
Trinomial name
Pediculus humanus humanus
Linnaeus, 1758
The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus, sometimes called Pediculus humanus corporis)[1] is a louse which infests humans. The condition of being infested with head lice, body lice, or pubic lice is known as pediculosis.
Contents
1 Origins
2 Entomology and pathology
2.1 Life stages
3 Treatment
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Origins
The body louse diverged from the head louse at around 100,000 years ago, hinting at the time of the origin of clothing.[2][3][4]
Entomology and pathology
Pediculus humanus humanus (the body louse) is indistinguishable in appearance from Pediculus humanus capitis (the head louse) and under laboratory conditions they will interbreed. In their natural state, however, the two subspecies do not interbreed and occupy different habitats. In particular, body lice have evolved to attach their eggs to clothes, whereas head lice attach their eggs to the base of hairs.
Body lice frequently lay their eggs on or near the seams of clothing. Body lice must feed on blood and usually only move to the skin to feed. Body lice exist worldwide and infest people of all races. Body lice infestations can spread rapidly under crowded living conditions where hygiene is poor (homeless, refugees, victims of war or natural disasters). In the United States, body lice infestations are rare, typically found mainly in homeless transient populations who do not have access to bathing and regular changes of clean clothes. Infestation is unlikely to persist on anyone who bathes regularly and who has at least weekly access to freshly laundered clothing and bedding.
Body lice are spread through prolonged direct physical contact with a person who has body lice or through contact with articles such as clothing, beds, bed linens, or towels that have been in contact with an infested person.
Body lice are a nuisance in themselves and cause intense itching. They are however, also vectors (transmitters) of other diseases. Body lice can spread epidemic typhus, trench fever, and louse-borne relapsing fever. Although louse-borne (epidemic) typhus is no longer widespread, outbreaks of this disease still occur during times of war, civil unrest, natural or man-made disasters, and in prisons where people live together in unsanitary conditions. Louse-borne typhus still exists in places where climate, chronic poverty, and social customs or war and social upheaval prevent regular changes and laundering of clothing.
Life stages
Body lice have three forms: the egg (also called a nit), the nymph, and the adult.
Nits are lice eggs. They are generally easy to see in the seams of an infested person’s clothing, particularly around the waistline and under armpits. Body lice nits occasionally also may be attached to body hair. They are oval and usually yellow to white in color. Body lice nits may take 1–2 weeks to hatch.
A nymph is an immature louse that hatches from the nit (egg). A nymph looks like an adult body louse, but is smaller. Nymphs mature into adults about 9–12 days after hatching. To live, the nymph must feed on blood.
The adult body louse is about the size of a sesame seed, has 6 legs, and is tan to greyish-white. Females lay eggs. To live, lice must feed on blood. If a louse is separated from its person, it dies at room temperature.
Treatment
A body lice infestation is treated by improving the personal hygiene of the infested person, including assuring a regular (at least weekly) change of clean clothes. Clothing, bedding, and towels used by the infested person should be laundered using hot water (at least 130 °F or 54 °C) and machine dried using the hot cycle.
Sometimes the infested person also is treated with a pediculicide (a medicine that can kill lice); however, a pediculicide generally is not necessary if hygiene is maintained and items are laundered appropriately at least once a week. A pediculicide should be applied exactly as directed on the bottle or by a physician.
Delousing can also be practically achieved by boiling all clothes and bedding, or washing them at a high temperature.[5] A temperature of 130 °F or 54 °C for 5 minutes will kill most of the adults and prevent eggs from hatching.[6] Leaving the clothes unwashed, but unworn for a full week, also results in the death of lice and eggs.[5]
Where this is not practical or possible, powder dusting with 10% DDT, 1% malathion or 1% permethrin is also effective.[5] Oral ivermectin at a dose of 12 mg on days 0, 7 and 14 has been used in a small trial of 33 people in Marseilles, but did not result in complete eradication, although there was a significant fall in the number of parasites and proportion of people infected.[7] At the moment, ivermectin cannot be routinely recommended for the treatment of body lice.
Medication, insecticide or burning of clothing and bedding is usually not necessary, as the problem normally goes away with daily bathing, weekly (or more frequent) laundering and drying of clothing, bedding, towels, etc. in a hot clothes drier.[6]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_lice
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:32 am:
Well that is what body lice is. Preschool child hate baths and I am not an expert so I will make no judgement on transmital of body lice through unsanitary facepainting and unsanitary temporary tatoos.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:36 am:
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/ringworm-of-the-skin-topic-overview
Ringworm of the Skin - Topic Overview
Is this topic for you?
This topic is about ringworm of the skin, groin, or hands. For information about other fungal infections, see the topics Athlete's Foot, Diaper Rash, Fungal Nail Infections, and Ringworm of the Scalp or Beard.
What is ringworm of the skin?
Ringworm of the skin is an infection caused by a fungus.
Jock itch is a form of ringworm that causes an itchy rash on the skin of your groin area. It is much more common in men than in women. Jock itch may be caused by the spread of athlete's foot fungus to the groin.
What causes ringworm?
Ringworm is not caused by a worm. It is caused by a fungus. The kinds of fungi (plural of fungus) that cause ringworm live and spread on the top layer of the skin and on the hair. They grow best in warm, moist areas, such as locker rooms and swimming pools, and in skin folds.
Ringworm is contagious. It spreads when you have skin-to-skin contact with a person or animal that has it. It can also spread when you share things like towels, clothing, or sports gear.
You can also get ringworm by touching an infected dog or cat, although this form of ringworm is not common.
What are the symptoms?
Ringworm of the skin usually causes a very itchy rash. It often makes a pattern in the shape of a ringcamera, but not always. Sometimes it is just a red, itchy rash.
Jock itch is a rash in the skin folds of the groin. It may also spread to the inner thighs or buttocks.
Ringworm of the hand looks like athlete's foot. The skin on the palm of the hand gets thick, dry, and scaly. And skin between the fingers may be moist and have open sores.
How is ringworm of the skin diagnosed?
If you have a ring-shaped rash, you very likely have ringworm. Your doctor will be able to tell for sure. He or she will probably look at a scraping from the rash under a microscope to check for the ringworm fungus.
How is it treated?
Most ringworm of the skin can be treated at home with creams you can buy without a prescription. Your rash may clear up soon after you start treatment, but it’s important to keep using the cream for as long as the label or your doctor says. This will help keep the infection from coming back. If the cream doesn't work, your doctor can prescribe pills that will kill the fungus.
If ringworm is not treated, your skin could blister, and the cracks could become infected with bacteria. If this happens, you will need antibiotics.
If your child is being treated for ringworm, you don't have to keep him or her out of school or day care.
Can you prevent ringworm?
To prevent ringworm:
Don't share clothing, sports gear, towels, or sheets. If you think you have been exposed to ringworm, wash your clothes in hot water with special anti-fungus soap.
Wear slippers or sandals in locker rooms and public bathing areas.
Shower and shampoo well after any sport that includes skin-to-skin contact.
Wear loose-fitting cotton clothing. Change your socks and underwear at least once a day.
Keep your skin clean and dry. Always dry yourself completely after showers or baths, drying your feet last.
If you have athlete's foot, put your socks on before your underwear so that fungi do not spread from your feet to your groin.
Take your pet to the vet if it has patches of missing hair, which could be a sign of a fungal infection.
If you or someone in your family has symptoms, it is important to treat ringworm right away to keep other family members from getting it.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:39 am:
Thank you web med and wikipedia for this education.
Says you should not use same clothes on people as that will spread ringworm. So you should not use a wet cloth on one child and they put it on another child.
I would imagine that this would happen on brushes of facepainting or sponges. Many face painters load up different sponges with different colors and will use they on all the children to speed things up. Not cleaning the sponges once even for a thousand kids at a festival or carnival. Clearly a way to spread impetigo and ringworm.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:42 am:
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-impetigo-basics
Webmd on impetigo
mpetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection. It can appear anywhere on the body but usually attacks exposed areas. Children tend to get it on the face, especially around the nose and mouth, and sometimes on the arms or legs. The infected areas appear in plaques ranging from dime to quarter size, starting as tiny blisters that break and expose moist, red skin. After a few days the infected area is covered with a grainy, golden crust that gradually spreads at the edges.
In extreme cases, the infection invades a deeper layer of skin and develops into ecthyma, a deeper form of the disease. Ecthyma forms small, pus-filled bumps with a crust much darker and thicker than that of ordinary impetigo. Ecthyma can be very itchy, and scratching the irritated area spreads the infection quickly. Left untreated, the sores may cause permanent scars and pigment changes.
Recommended Related to Skin Problems & Treatments
Cafe-Au-Lait Spots
Read the Cafe-Au-Lait Spots article > >
The gravest potential complication of impetigo is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, a severe kidney disease that occurs following a strep infection in less than 1% of cases, mainly in children. The most common cause of impetigo is Staphylococcus aureus. However, another bacteria source is group A streptococcus. These bacteria lurk everywhere. It is easier for a child with an open wound or fresh scratch to contract impetigo. Other skin-related problems, such as eczema, body lice, insect bites, fungal infections, and various other forms of dermatitis can make a person susceptible to impetigo.
Most people get this highly infectious disease through physical contact with someone who has it, or from sharing the same clothes, bedding, towels, or other objects. The very nature of childhood, which includes lots of physical contact and large-group activities, makes children the primary victims and carriers of impetigo.
Further Reading:
Slideshow: A Visual Guide to Psoriasis
Slideshow: Scabies Symptoms, Cause, and Treatments
Picture of Cercarial Dermatitis: Swimmer's Itch
Impetigo Treatments
FDA Approves New Impetigo Treatment
Slideshow: How to Diaper Your Baby
Slideshow: Baby Skin Care -- Simple Tips to Keep Baby's Skin Healthy
See All Impetigo, Bullous impetigo, impetigo contagiosa, bacterial skin infection, mouth sores, mouth blisters, rashes in children Topics
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:43 am:
This suggest the same thing as wikipedia but confirmation is good.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:45 am:
Okay we learned alittle about impetigo which is also know as school sores and lice and ring worm. Ill just post what web md has on ring worm and we are done with that.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:49 am:
Oh it looks like I didn't do lice in web md. Thanks you web md!
What are lice?
Lice are tiny insects that live on humans and feed on blood. When a large number of lice live and multiply on a person, it is called an infestation.
Three different kinds of lice live on humans:
Head lice camera are usually found in hair, most often on the back of the neck and behind the ears. Head lice are common in preschool and elementary school-age children. Adults can get them too, especially adults who live with children.
Pubic lice camera, also called crabs, are usually found in the pubic area. But they may also be found on facial hair, on eyelashes, on eyebrows, in the armpits, on chest hair, and, rarely, on the scalp.
Body lice camera live and lay eggs (nits) in the seams of clothing. The lice are on the body only when they feed.
What causes a lice infestation?
Lice spread easily from one person to another through close contact or through shared clothing or personal items (such as hats or hairbrushes). A louse cannot jump or fly.
What are the symptoms?
The most common symptom of lice is itching. There are different symptoms, depending on which type of lice you have.
Head lice may not cause any symptoms at first. Itching on the scalp may start weeks or even months after lice have started to spread. Scratching can make the skin raw. The raw skin may ooze clear fluid or crust over, and it may get infected.
Pubic lice cause severe itching. Their bites may cause small marks that look like bruises on the torso, thighs, or upper arms. If pubic lice get on the eyelashes, the edges of the eyelids may be crusted. You may see lice and their eggs at the base of the eyelashes.
Body lice cause very bad itching, especially at night. Itchy sores appear in the armpits and on the waist, torso, and other areas where the seams of clothes press against the skin. The lice and eggs may be found in the seams of the person's clothing but are generally not seen on the skin.
Frequent scratching can cause a skin infection. In the most severe cases of head lice, hair may fall out, and the skin may get darker in the areas infested with lice.
How is a lice infestation diagnosed?
A doctor can usually tell if you have lice by looking closely for live lice or eggs in your hair. The doctor may also comb through your hair with a fine-toothed comb to help detect lice. He or she may look at the lice or eggs under a microscope.
Your doctor can also find pubic lice and body lice by looking closely at your body or your clothing.
How is it treated?
Lice - Topic Overview
(continued)
Lice won't go away on their own. Be sure to do all you can to treat lice and to prevent the spread of lice.
The most common treatment is an over-the-counter or prescription cream, lotion, or shampoo. You put it on the skin or scalp to kill the lice and eggs. In some cases, you may need treatment a second time to make sure that all the eggs are dead. If two or more treatments don't work, your doctor may prescribe a different medicine.
It's also important to wash clothing and bedding in hot water to help get rid of lice.
Some people have an allergic reaction to lice bites that causes itching for 7 to 10 days after the lice and eggs have been killed. Steroid creams or calamine lotion can relieve the itching. If you have severe itching, you can try antihistamine pills. But don't give antihistamines to your child unless you've checked with the doctor first.
Learning about lice:
What are lice?
What causes lice?
What are the symptoms of lice infestation?
Can I prevent lice infestation?
How does a lice infestation progress?
What increases the risk of getting lice?
Being diagnosed:
Who can diagnose lice infestations?
How are lice infestations diagnosed?
Getting treatment:
How is a lice infestation treated?
Living with a lice infestation:
What can I do at home to relieve symptoms?
When should I call my doctor?
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Last Updated: August 18, 2011
This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.
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By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 08:53 am:
Okay so we learned that lice can be on the eye lashes and face painters go near the eyes with their brushes.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:11 am:
Art Supply Safety
Written by: Scott G. Allen
[Scott is the Executive Director, Illinois Chapter,
American Academy of Pediatrics]
Reprinted with permission from: Healthy Childcare ®
share comment contribute print
Art and craft time in your childcare program can be fun, educational, and result in treasures that are saved (and displayed on refrigerators) for years. But some art supplies and art activities can be unsafe unless caregivers follow simple guidelines for selecting and storing materials and teach children how to use them properly.
Look for Proper Labels
Improved labeling makes it easier to choose acceptable children's art materials easier. Always choose materials designed specifically for children, with labels that clearly indicate they are non-toxic. The Art and Creative Materials Institute (ACMI) is a non-profit trade association of manufacturers of art and craft materials. Since 1940, ACMI has conducted a certification program in which product formulas are analyzed and certified by the ACMI, then labeled appropriately as either non-toxic and safe, or toxic, and potentially harmful.
ACMI certification also ensures compliance with state and federal labeling regulations. Products bearing the AP (Approved Product) seal of the ACMI are certified non-toxic. In cases where a product may be used with young children, AP certified non-toxic products are the safest.
Products bearing the CL (Caution Label) seal of the Art and Creative Materials Institute contain ingredients that are toxic or hazardous. These products are not appropriate for use with young children in childcare programs. Many products have labels that say a product is "non-toxic;" but unless they also have a label showing that they are certified, these can be misleading. They may not pose an immediate risk of poisoning if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the skin, but there may be dangers associated with long term use.
If you have any questions about a product, contact the manufacturer to find out what substances are used in the products and if they are safe for children.
Choose Products Carefully
Because drawing and painting are common activities in childcare, parents and childcare providers often assume that all art and craft supplies are safe and appropriate for children. But many products can be dangerous. When choosing products for your childcare program, here are some items to avoid and some suggestions for using products that are safe:
Avoid instant paper mache, which can contain toxic substances that are easily inhaled. Make paper mache using black and white newspaper and library or white paste.
Avoid permanent, felt-tipped markers that may contain toxic solvents. Use water-based markers only.
Avoid adhesives that are not water-based, such as rubber cement or -solvent-based glues. Use polyvinyl acetate (PVA) white glue, which is the safest for children.
Avoid organic solvents or solvent-containing products; aerosol spray cans or air brushes; products that can stain the skin or clothing or cannot be washed out of clothing; and irritants or corrosive chemicals such as acids, alkalis, and bleach.
Parents or local businesses in the community sometimes offer childcare programs art materials they no longer need. However, accepting such donations can be dangerous unless the products are relatively new and all the ingredients are known. The older the material, the more likely it is to contain toxic substances, such as mercury, lead, or even asbestos, which can be present in old paper mache and modeling materials.
Safety Precautions
Art and craft time can be relaxing and encourages children to express themselves in new ways. By following a few simple safety precautions, you and your children can enjoy your creativity safely.
Do not eat or drink while using art and craft materials.
Always thoroughly clean after use--wash the children's hands, your own hands, and your supplies. The clean-up area should not be used for food preparation.
Never use products for skin painting or food preparation unless the product is specifically indicated for that use.
Do not transfer your art materials to other containers. Always keep them in the original packaging, which includes ingredient and safety information.
Provide appropriate supervision when children are using materials that are sharp or that could be ingested.
Paint Supplies
Paint products can become contaminated with bacteria or mold, which can lead to a strong, offensive, and in some cases, sickening odor. Paints such as poster paints and temperas that are intended for use with children, often contain organic materials that can decay if not stored properly or if stored for a long period of time.
Here are some tips to help you store paint safely and use it for as long as possible:
Avoid dusts or powders, such as powdered clay or powdered tempera paints that require mixing, which can be inhaled or can get in the children's eyes. Liquid tempera paints and talc-free, premixed clay are better choices. Be sure to wet mop and wipe surfaces after use to remove residue.
Store the product in its original container in a cool, dry place.
Mark the date of purchase on all containers, and use the oldest supplies first.
Thoroughly shake the paint before using. (Make sure the lid is secure!)
Remove only the amount of paint you will need for that day's activity. Discard any unused paint by rinsing it down a drain (away from your food preparation area) or sealing it in a container and putting it in a garbage can or dumpster outside the building. Do not return the unused portions to the original container--they may be spoiled and will contaminate the remaining paint.
If you dilute the paint to use it with your children, do not save or reuse it. Water can dilute preservatives in the paint that guard against bacteria and mold.
Avoid working directly from the original product containers--open them, take what you need, and seal them again. Egg carton sections, yogurt containers, disposable drinking cups, and other items can be cleaned to hold paint during art and craft.
Do not place brushes, hands, or other objects in the container--even stirring the paint with a stick can contaminate it.
Scott G. Allen
Executive Director
Illinois Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:12 am:
that is from this web site
http://www.kinderart.com/teachers/artmaterialsafety.shtml
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:14 am:
Never use products for skin painting or food preparation unless the product is specifically indicated for that use.
If you dilute the paint to use it with your children, do not save or reuse it. Water can dilute preservatives in the paint that guard against bacteria and mold.
Avoid dusts or powders, such as powdered clay or powdered tempera paints that require mixing, which can be inhaled or can get in the children's eyes. Liquid tempera paints and talc-free, premixed clay are better choices. Be sure to wet mop and wipe surfaces after use to remove residue.
Do not place brushes, hands, or other objects in the container--even stirring the paint with a stick can contaminate it.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:20 am:
Scott Allen, MS
Executive Director
312/733-1026, ext 202
sallen@illinoisaap.com
Maybe he can help us in quotes for education of the public.
Clearly the article would frown on using crayola water paints which is not meant to be used on the the skin. Crayola paint is not a cosmetic and is not tested by the fda for use on face. Yes you can eat the large molecole crayola paint but it is not intended to be used as cosmetic for the skin. The safety has not been tested. Cosmetics are typically small moleculed and not large moleculed like crayola paint.
I see crayola water colors being used at house parties and festivals so we will get some quotes on why this is not appropriate or safe to use on childrens faces. I mean they will paint a two year olds face with this stuff.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:31 am:
I am discovering that face paint sometimes has nickel and lead in it. More resarch needed on this
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169072.php
Halloween Face Paints Contain Lead And Other Heavy Metals Says US Report
Featured Article
Main Category: Pediatrics / Children's Health
Also Included In: Regulatory Affairs / Drug Approvals; Dermatology
Article Date: 28 Oct 2009 - 11:00 PDT
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5 (2 votes)
A US group that arranged for an independent lab to test 10 children's face paints for heavy metals and also review ingredient labels of Halloween products sold at a seasonal holiday store, has reported that Halloween face paints are contaminated with lead and other heavy metals, and other Halloween products contain hazardous ingredients. They recommend that parents consider safer alternatives for their children.
The report, titled Pretty Scary is from the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, a national coalition of US-based non-profit health and environmental groups and was released via their website on 27 October.
Low doses of lead can affect brain development, as can nickel, cobalt and chromium, which have also been linked to lifelong skin sensitization and contact dermatitis.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that parents do not put cosmetics that could contain lead on their children.
However, parents have no way of knowing whether the face paints they buy for their kids contain these metals because they are not listed on the product labels, said the report.
Apparently there is no legal requirement to list them because they are contaminants and not added ingredients.
Face paints are not just used during Halloween, but increasingly at other times of year when kids dress up and play, so their exposure is not limited to just one event in a year but possibly to several, with unknown accumulation effects. The lack of safety standards for cosmetics sold in the US should be a matter for concern for everyone, suggested the report.
The following points highlight some of the results in the report:
10 out of 10 children's face paints contained lead at levels between 0.05 and 0.65 parts per million (ppm).
6 out of 10 children's face paints contained nickel, cobalt and/or chromium at levels between 1.6 to 120 ppm (this is much higher than the industry safety standard of 1 ppm said the report).
Snazaroo Face Paint contained some of the highest levels of lead, nickel and cobalt found in the study. This product carries the words "non-toxic" and "hypoallergenic" on its label.
Jan Schakowsky, who is the Democrat House Representative for Illinois told the press that:
"Lead and other hazardous chemicals have no place in face paints kids use for dress-up and play on Halloween or any other day of the year."
He said the cosmetics laws in the US need to be stronger, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should be given the powers and resources it needs to "protect the health of our children from chemicals in cosmetics".
Director of the Children's Environmental Health Center at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, Dr Phil Landrigan said:
"Lead is dangerous to the developing brains of children at any level. It is now widely accepted in the scientific community that there is no threshold level below which lead is safe."
Dr Bruce A Brod, Clinical Associate Professor of Dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, said that nickel, cobalt and chromium are top allergens in children.
"To have these contaminants in face paints is concerning because early-life exposures increase the chance that kids will have lifelong sensitization and develop contact dermatitis on the face," he added.
Although the heavy metals found in the face paints were contaminants and not added ingredients, and therefore not listed in the product labels, the study also found that according to the label information, Halloween hair-color sprays and make-up products contained many hazardous ingredients such as:
Butane: a persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic compound.
Thiram: a neurotoxic, possibly carcinogenic compound that is used in pesticides.
Alumina: a neurotoxin.
Propylene glycol: this is possibly carcinogenic.
Pigment green 7 and pigment blue 15: neither of these has been approved by the FDA for use in cosmetics.
Lisa Archer, national coordinator of the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics at the Breast Cancer Fund, said:
"Parents should not have to worry that face paint contains lead and other hazardous substances. Companies are not making the safest products possible for children, even though kids are particularly vulnerable to toxic exposures."
Joan Blades, who co-founded Moms Rising, a national advocacy organization that concerns itself with family health and economic security said:
"Parents are stunned when they learn that these products made for kids have lead and other toxics in them."
"We don't understand how our government is so lax, nor why the manufacturers are so negligent," she added.
Campaign for Safe Cosmetics also advises that parents don't buy Halloween face masks for their children, as these can also be toxic and impede breathing and vision.
They said parents should be encouraged to avoid costumes that need face paints and masks, or they could make their own face paints from natural ingredients, using instructions to be found at www.safecosmetics.org/recipes#halloween.
-- read the full report (pdf)
Source: Campaign for Safe Cosmetics.
Written by: Catharine Paddock, PhD
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:33 am:
Okay trying to stay calm after reading that...
Snazaroo Face Paint contained some of the highest levels of lead, nickel and cobalt found in the study. This product carries the words "non-toxic" and "hypoallergenic" on its label.
This is the second ranked face paint on amazon.com.
Now I'd like to know if crayola paint or watercolor contains lead or paint since it is an unapproved way to do facepainting. So let me look that up.
By Feona on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:37 am:
www.safecosmetics.org/
This might be okay but has to be approved by a pediatric doctor at least. I don't really know if people are going to make their own face paint!
Face Paint and Halloween Makeup
To avoid heavy metals and other potentially harmful unknown ingredients in traditional Halloween face paint, try making your own using food-based ingredients. Remember, foods can cause allergies in some kids: always test your concoctions on a small patch of skin and read up on natural food colorings before sending your little ghouls out for a night of painted fun. And don’t forget that some foods can stain skin and clothes.
Face Paint Made with Natural Food Coloring
Natural food coloring is available at health food stores and typically derived from foods and spices. We recommend reading up about natural food colorings and potential allergies first. Do not substitute conventional food coloring, which may contain synthetic chemical ingredients.
Ingredients:
-Base of safe, unscented lotion (search Skin Deep for safe options) OR pure cocoa butter (available at health food stores) OR safe, fluoride-free toothpaste (search Skin Deep; avoid mint flavors, as they can make skin tingly)
-Natural food coloring (see note above)
Instructions:
Mix a few drops of natural food coloring into the base ingredient of your choice. Test on a small patch of skin before applying to face or body.
Face Paint Made with Food
Make sure young children understand they can’t eat these paints unless you make them without the base. Test a small patch of skin first to make sure your child isn’t allergic to the food you’re using.
Ingredients:
-Base of safe, unscented lotion (search Skin Deep for safe options) OR pure cocoa butter (available at health food stores) OR safe, fluoride-free toothpaste (search Skin Deep; avoid mint flavors, as they can make skin tingly)
-Turmeric, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, beets, avocado, spirulina, cocoa, chocolate sauce, squid ink or other colorful foods, juices, herbs and spices
Instructions:
Yellow: Add 1/4 tsp. and a large pinch of stale turmeric to base.
Pink: Using a sieve, mash the juice from 3 fresh or thawed frozen raspberries, blackberries or beets directly into the base. Or, use a deeply colored berry juice or puree.
Mint green: With a fork, mash 1/4 of a small avocado until creamy. Mix this into your base.
Emerald green: Add small amount spirulina or bright green chlorophyll to base.
Purple: Using a sieve, mash the juice from several fresh or frozen blueberries into the base. Or, use blueberry juice.
Brown: Add cocoa powder or chocolate sauce to base.
Black: Use a small amount of squid ink in base for true black.
White: Mix powdered sugar and water.
More Halloween makeup ideas from the Smart Mama blog
How to make natural food coloring – from food!
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:39 am:
Okay I see the problem. Crayola watercolor r considered wonderful for face painting but r they tested for that?
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Great for face painting!, May 18, 2011
By
Razzle
= Durability:5.0 out of 5 stars = Fun:5.0 out of 5 stars = Educational:5.0 out of 5 stars
http://www.amazon.com/review/RLOU54R0K70H1Amazon Verified Purchase(What's this?)
This review is from: Crayola 24ct Watercolor Colored Pencils (Toy)
I saw these used for "face painting" at a couple of kids' parties. That's what I got them for. Actual face paint is too messy. These pencils are great. I have a bowl with a wet sponge in it. Then I just dip the tip of a pencil on the sponge and then just draw on my kids' skin. They're non-toxic, so it's ok. They don't leave stains after it's washed off the skin. We have yet to use them for watercoloring.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:42 am:
CRayola insists non of their paints or watercolors or watercolor pencils r meant for use on face.
http://family.go.com/blog/wisebozo/fun-with-face-painting-261539/
It's summer, and time to indulge in that ever-present amusement available at all fairs, festivals, carnivals, and street parties: face painting.
Ah, face painting! I love watching little kids sport butterflies, kitten noses, and tiger stripes as they race around in the heat. Some even have fairies, or bats, or superhero masks applied. Whatever the design, kids love having something special on their faces.
As someone who painted up her own face in clown makeup for several years, here's how to make the most of your kid's face painting.
If the face painters don't powder the design after it's done, you should. Powder sets the makeup and keeps it from melting, smudging and running off the little faces. Nothing spells disappointment and weeping like a smudged butterfly!
It's easy to do. Fill a small cotton sock with baby powder and store it in a small plastic bag. To apply, tap the sock lightly on the design, and blow or brush off the excess. (A makeup brush is perfect for this.) You can even repeat this during really hot days.
Voila! You have just ensured that your child's beautiful face painting will stay put until you decide to take it off.
"But how do you get the stuff off?" I hear you cry.
Easy-peasy. Rub on a little baby oil or vegetable oil into the painting until it turns into a smeary mess. (Your child might even enjoy this step!) Wipe it off with tissue, then wash.
Enjoy your summer!
Member Comments On...
Fun with Face Painting
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Painteriam
Painteriam says:
September 22, 2010
In face painting, once you possess basic skills along with the proper supplies, the possibilities are endless. In fact, more people starts the process of learning to face paint doing only the basics. Good luck to all the newbie face painters. Enjoy this art.
http://facepaintingcenter.com/how-to-do-face-painting
Not Acceptable
Painteriam
Painteriam says:
September 22, 2010
In face painting, once you possess basic skills along with the proper supplies, the possibilities are endless. In fact, more people starts the process of learning to face paint doing only the basics. Good luck to all the newbie face painters. Enjoy this art.
Not Acceptable
kyntirec
kyntirec says:
November 20, 2007
While Princess_peg recommends Crayola Watercolor pencils, Crayola says that NONE of their products is intended for use as a facepaint. They recommend that you use FDA approved face paints.
http://www.crayola.com/canwehelp/contact/faq_view.cfm?id=24
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:49 am:
Here are some safe facepainting tips but I am convinced there is no way to do safe painting safely without making your own face paint. Using disposable cue tips and disposable paper plates as palates. But people r going to face paint any way so here it goes.
http://painting.about.com/od/faceandbodypainting/a/FacePaintCindy.htm
Top 10 Safety Tips for Face Painting
Safety issues to consider when face painting, whether professionally or not.
From Cindy Trusty
See More About:
face painting
face painting designs
"Top 10 Safety Tips for Face Painting"
Face painting can be a very rewarding business.
© Cindy Trusty www.cindyscc.com
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Face painting is a fun activity, and can be a very rewarding business. For some people, it is an occasional event where they paint just a few kids. For others, it becomes a career involving days or even weeks of 10-hour days at festivals, painting person after person. No matter which type of painter you are, there are some safety considerations to keep in mind when you are painting.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 1: Use Suitable Paints
“Non-Toxic” does not mean “safe for skin.” Acrylic craft paints are not meant to be used on the skin – nor are watercolor markers or pencils. Just because the package says "non-toxic" does not mean that it is safe to put on skin. Many people are allergic to the non-FDA approved chemicals and colorants used in craft paints (such as nickel), and will break out in a rash from these paints. Watercolor markers (or "washable markers") do not remove from skin easily – it can take days to get the stain removed. The "washable" part of the name refers to fabric, not skin. There are many brands of safe face paint readily available (Snazaroo [Buy Direct], Wolfe Brothers, Fardel, Paradise, Mehron, Kryolan, and Ben Nye, for example) and they are not more expensive than craft paints since a little bit goes a very long way!
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 2: Check the Glitter
Metallic craft glitter should not be used for face painting. The only safe glitters for face painting are made of polyester, and should be .008 microns in size or smaller. That is the size that the FDA classifies as “cosmetic size” and safe for use on skin.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 3: Cleaning Brushes and Sponges
Alcohol is not an effective sanitizer for brushes and sponges -- it can actually promote the growth of bacteria if used in small amounts. Any traces of the alcohol left on the brush or sponge can cause pain to sensitive tissue (like the eye area).
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 4: Health Considerations
Do not paint anyone who has a contagious illness, or who has open sores or wounds. Even acne should be avoided, as the necessary rubbing to remove the paint can also cause irritation to the sensitized skin. In cases like this, suggest painting another area, such as the arm, or offer them a sticker instead.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 5: Wash Your Hands
Wash your hands between each customer, using either baby wipes or a hand sanitizer (I use Purell). This will help keep you healthy, too!
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 6: Avoiding Head Lice
Check each child as they sit in your chair to make sure they don’t have head lice. Since many painters hold the child’s head to steady them while painting, this can be an easy way to transfer head lice. It is also a good idea for painters with long hair to keep their hair pulled back in a pony tail or braid, to prevent possible contamination with lice.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 7: Ensure You’re Comfortable
Make sure you have a comfortable chair for yourself, if you paint sitting down, or very comfortable and supportive shoes, if you paint while standing, to protect your back. It is very easy to do long-term damage to your back by holding an uncomfortable position for hours, and face painting is an activity that can easily cause repetitive-stress injuries.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 8: Avoid Repetitive-Stress Injuries
Organize your work space to minimize the amount of repetitive bending, stretching, and twisting that you have to do while painting, again to avoid repetitive-stress injuries. Stop and take a stretch break after every few paintings.
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 9: Consider Yourself
Make sure to drink enough liquid, and eat at least a snack every few hours. You don’t want to faint from exhaustion or hunger!
Face Painting Safety Tip No. 10: Think About Insurance
For your peace of mind and the client’s, consider purchasing face-painting insurance. If you’re working in the USA, two places that sell insurance for face painters are Clowns of the U.S. (you don’t need to be a clown to qualify) and the World Clown Association (you’ll need to become a member). In the UK, members of FACE (UK Face Painting Association) get automatic public-liability insurance.
About the Author: Cindy Trusty is a professional, award-winning face painter working in Minneapolis/St Paul and surrounding areas.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:52 am:
No information on cleaning brushes. You should use disposable qtips or costemtic sponges. Throwing all out between customers.
avoid painting people with obvious contageious disease but what if their contageious disease is in early stage?
Okay One tip is use a hand sanitizer in between customers.
Check for head lice.
Get insurance.
By Feonad on Saturday, June 23, 2012 - 09:56 am:
http://www.safecosmetics.org/article.php?id=591
by Sheila Pell, San Diego Reader
October 28th, 2009
On a blustery afternoon, just down the road from a Mission Valley lot that’s already advertising Christmas trees, costumed sign bearers point the way to a recently opened Halloween store. Every October “they just pop up,” says one of the store’s temporary hires, explaining the magical birth of the seasonal one-stop shops.
What pops up with them is a rash of health concerns. Last year it was toxic black henna tattoos and lead warnings on Halloween makeup sold in Target stores (printed only because California requires a warning for detectable amounts of lead, for which the Centers for Disease Control say no safe blood level has been identified).
But there’s more to the story than annual news fodder. It isn’t just one night, one goblin glob-fest before it’s all washed down the drain and into the waterways. Ghosts with names like carbon black and terephthalate haunt us all year long. Makeup from China, meant to be smeared on children, calls attention to the stuff that makes the green so gooey and the goo so green. But the same chemicals leach into human bodies on a daily basis from ordinary shampoo, deodorant, mouthwash, creams, and cosmetics. With few exceptions, the chemicals in personal-care products are unregulated.
“Most people think there are some requirements for safety testing of products, but that is not the case,” says Stacy Malkan, San Francisco–based cofounder of the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, a national coalition of nonprofit health and environmental groups that work to overhaul the industry (as Europe has already done). Dr. Sharon Jacob, a San Diego dermatologist and UCSD clinical professor who has treated chemical reactions, shares the groups’ concerns.
The Food and Drug Administration admits it is toothless. “Except for color additives, FDA does not have the authority to approve cosmetic products or ingredients,” states the agency’s website. Halloween makeup products, the website says, “are considered cosmetics and are therefore subject to the same regulations as other cosmetics, including the same restrictions on color additives.”
Toxic color additives, however, abound. Like PPD (p-phenylenediamine) in black henna, also used in hair dye, lipstick, and colorant shampoo. “There is no way for a consumer to know at what concentration a chemical is in a product without sending it to a lab and spending a few hundred bucks,” Malkan says.
Last year, Dr. Jacob was in the news calling for black henna, used by some tattoo artists to extend the life of tattoos, to be made illegal. Yet, according to the Food and Drug Administration’s webpage on henna dyes, it already is. Even ordinary henna is illegal when applied to skin: “Henna, a coloring made from a plant, is approved only for use as a hair dye, not for direct application to the skin, as in the body-decorating process known as mehndi.” Yet San Diego’s henna parlors freely advertise their FDA-outlawed services, even broadcasting them to reporters last year when black henna panic erupted.
In the wake of many complaints and a lawsuit after consumers were injured by black henna tattoos, the administration issued an import alert and warned that the tattoos may cause serious allergic reactions. While the offending ingredient, PPD, is allowed only in low concentrations, Malkan points out that consumers are bombarded by chemicals. Small amounts from many sources add up. The FDA, however, doesn’t consider cumulative exposure.
“There’s no way to know what by-products are there or combined toxicities, and many chemicals have not been studied at all,” Malkan says. Aside from ingredient lists and some boilerplate warnings on labels, it’s buyer beware. She describes her recent foray into a Halloween store as “quite frightening.” There were “lots of questionable products,” she says, “including hair sprays with warnings to not use around the eyes, ears, and mouth and to not inhale, as if that were possible.” In Hot Hair Neon Pink, made by Fun Unlimited, “we found many dyes that have government bans or warnings,” Malkan says.
“Some of the stuff is marked nontoxic, but it is definitely not.”
In May, Dr. Jacob signed a letter along with Malkan and other advocacy groups requesting Johnson & Johnson to remove hazardous chemicals from their products “and switch to safer alternatives.” Lab tests, commissioned by the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, had found the suspected human carcinogens formaldehyde and 1,4-dioxane in Johnson’s Baby Shampoo and other products.
Among the letter’s requests: “Phase all phthalates out of your products.”
Phthalates are known for their assault on hormones, which regulate cellular functions but are known by most people for their role in shaping the reproductive system. Under the influence of phthalates, amphibians have been shown to turn hermaphrodite; a warning, researchers say, for two-legged creatures.
It didn’t take long to find phthalates and other ghoulish ingredients in a local big-box store selling Halloween makeup. In Grossmont Center’s Walmart, the aisles are getting their bones picked. Parents, tots, and tweens rummage through the wares, trying on hats, wielding plastic swords, and discussing costumes. Row upon row of no-brand makeup hangs from the hooks. Long ingredient lists suggest the components of rockets, not creams for lips, skin, and scalp. No-brand Neon Glitter Makeup from Taiwan has phthalates in its lipstick and roll-on face makeup, listed in the top 4 of 12 ingredients. Food and Drug Administration rules state that the amount of each chemical in a product is shown by “descending order of predominance.” In humans, phthalates are linked to birth defects and infertility, according to the Centers for Disease Control.
“I haven’t heard of [phthalates] in lip gloss,” Malkan says. “Very interesting.” Malkan’s group has written extensively about phthalates in cosmetics. “Phthalates shouldn’t be in products at any concentration,” she says.
Also lurking in Walmart lipstick and roll-on makeup is D&C Red No. 7, a Food and Drug–restricted color — not for use near the eyes. It tangles with several other dyes. Ingredients with worse profiles, according to the Cosmetic Safety Database, a consumer tool launched by the Environmental Working Group, are found in products in Mission Valley’s Halloween store, as well as Walmart: parabens, BHT, and EDTA, for example. Even mineral oil, a liquid mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, can be toxic due to contamination by known or suspected carcinogens. Mineral oil is an ingredient in lipstick and base makeup sold in Walmart.
Malkan says that lead, while restricted in colorants to certain concentrations, can run amok in other products. “Lead is allowed in any amount in finished cosmetic products, with no limits and no requirements to disclose it on the label.”
Rarely are chemicals, even known carcinogens, banned. Products with Food and Drug Administration–restricted ingredients must display warning labels, such as an announcement that an ingredient has caused cancer in lab animals or a recommendation to test the product on a small area of skin for an allergic reaction.
The roll-on makeup with the restricted red dye, for example, warns that it should not be used around the eyes and that it’s “not intended for use by children under 14.” Other packages carry similar generic warnings, with a slew of varying age recommendations: not for those under age 7, 8, 14, 15.
Carbon black, a material produced by the incomplete combustion of petroleum products, graced the ingredient list of a hair dye sold in Walmart. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, carbon black is “possibly carcinogenic to humans.” In 2004, in response to an industry petition, the FDA allowed carbon black into cosmetics. Now D&C Black No. 2 is found in many products besides hair dyes, from lipstick to eyeliner to foundation makeup.
Malkan says the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics expects Congress to tackle the issue of cosmetics regulation in the next few months. Such legislation would parallel current efforts to overhaul the limp 1976 Toxic Substances Control Act.
Her group has just put out a report on laboratory testing it commissioned on Halloween products. The lab tested ten face paints and found that all had lead. Six of the ten contained the allergens cobalt, chromium, and nickel, which Malkan says “can cause lifelong skin problems.”
I think I am becoming more speachless and horrorfied. As a stage three breast cancer survivor I wonder if they are trying to poisen us all now. Now the capitalist are after the two year old market and who can has the time to educate themself on every subject?
Glob Natural Paints: A Good Idea But Worth The Price?
by natalie on June 28, 2011
Post image for Glob Natural Paints: A Good Idea But Worth The Price?
I have a 3-year-old son who loves to paint. I bought him some Crayola water paints and he’ll sit for a whole 10 minutes (believe me, in our house that’s a long time for him to stay in one place) and paint. Then he’ll get up and leave…and my 1 year old twins will promptly head over and start eating the paints if I don’t catch them first.
I know the paints are non-toxic and that they won’t hurt the kids. I know that the paper I give my son to paint on is easily composted and won’t hurt anything. But I was still interested when I stumbled across GLOB Natural Paints.
According the the Glob website: “You may have noticed that arts and crafts products do not list ingredients. Consumers rely upon “non toxic” certification, believing that their art materials have undergone sufficient testing to ensure the products they use are safe….Arts and crafts paints are exempt from consumer paint lead laws, and often contain lead, cadmium, and host of toxic ingredients like formaldehyde (a carcinogen), one of the most common paint preservatives.”
Now I’ll be honest, I haven’t done any research to see if Crayola is really non-toxic or if the paints contain lead or other toxic ingredients. I like that Glob paints were developed first and foremost with safety and sustainability in mind. The paints are made from are made from fruits, vegetables, flowers and spices with natural food-grade ingredients and organic extracts, and are totally biodegradable and non-toxic. Good stuff, right?
Then I went to see how much a set would cost.
This paint set is similar to water color paints, and you just add water. You can also use it to make homemade colored play dough. The price? $24.
glob art pad
This art pad has 75 sheets, is made from 100% post-consumer waste, recycled paper and the inks and glues are vegetable based. The price is $12.
I really, really love the idea of Glob, but I just don’t think I’d be willing to shell out almost 40 bucks for the products for my son to play with and my twins to eat. Now if I was using the materials myself to create my own paintings? Absolutely I think it would be worth it! But for the kids? I think I might stick to Crayola.
What do you think?
Tagged as: activities for kids, all natural paints, glob natural paints, water color paints for kids
http://www.globiton.com/safety.html
I don't know if I trust any of these companies but his is over price natural face paint.
GLOB™ paints and natural colors were developed first and foremost with safety and sustainability in mind. Using natural plant extracts and botanical pigments, our water-based paints are biodegradable and non-toxic.
more about paints
You may have noticed that arts and crafts products do not list ingredients. Consumers rely upon "non toxic" certification, believing that their art materials have undergone sufficient testing to ensure the products they use are safe. Don't let these labels fool you.
Art pigments (colors) are commonly made from petrochemicals, and the actual hazards of these materials are not always known. In the US, synthetic pigments that have never been tested for toxicity can be labeled "non-toxic." The rationale? There is no data to prove otherwise.*
Arts and crafts paints often contain a host of toxic ingredients* like formaldehyde (a carcinogen), one of the most common paint preservatives.
paints New environmental regulations and consumer demand has contributed to the numerous low to no VOC (volatile organic compounds) and environmentally friendly house paints now available.
Unfortunately, the artist market is far behind.
Paints may not only be hazardous to the consumer, but also the environment. Certified "non-toxic" pigments can still be toxic to fish and other wildlife.
GLOB™ products are sustainable and biodegradable, making them safe to wash down the sink and into our water supply.
GLOB conforms to US safety standards and the comprehensive requirements of: EUROPE, CANADA, AUSTRALIA
http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2009/10/30/lead-in-face-paint/
Face paint not as scary as report suggests
by Elizabeth Dunbar, Minnesota Public Radio
October 31, 2009
St. Paul, Minn. — A national report out this week -- just in time for Halloween -- might have given some parents pause: Could lead and other toxics in kids' face paint endanger their children?
The report by the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics tested 10 different brands of face paint for kids and found that all of them had traces of lead ranging from 0.05 to 0.65 parts per million. It also found nickel, cobalt and chromium, which can cause allergic reactions and other skin problems.
But the lead levels shown in the report are well below what the Food and Drug Administration has deemed safe for lipstick, and some experts say there are plenty of other products whose lead content should give parents a much bigger scare.
The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics and Healthy Legacy, a Minnesota group that publicized the report locally, argue that no level of lead is safe. Lead, a neurotoxin that can harm a variety of systems in the body, is known to harm brain development in children.
"Kids put a lot of things in their mouths," said Peter Starzynski of Healthy Legacy. "I would really caution parents on this Halloween about using face paint for kids of any age, because there's just no labeling on these things."
"Because lead is an element on this planet, you can't completely avoid exposure to it."
- Kevin Keane, research pathologist
The FDA doesn't require cosmetics to list lead content on packages. But after testing lipsticks, FDA officials said even those containing up to 3 parts per million were safe to use. The lead content found in lipsticks is also much lower than what's been found in other products such as paint and children's toys. Massive recalls a couple of years ago resulted after tests found some toys had a lead content in the thousands of parts per million.
Experts said while it's important to monitor the lead content in products, especially products for children, everyone will be exposed to lead in one way or another.
"Because lead is an element on this planet, you can't completely avoid exposure to it," said Kevin Keane, a research pathologist in New Jersey who belongs to the Society of Toxicologic Pathology.
Dan Locher, who oversees asbestos and lead compliance for the Minnesota Department of Health, agreed. But he said he recommends that if parents are at all concerned about a product, they should simply make the decision to avoid it.
"Chances are they're not going to have any kind of serious side effects," Locher said of kids using face paint for Halloween. "But sometimes it's just better to avoid a situation like that if it's a concern."
The other metals cited in the report are also good to avoid, Locher said. "You want to be somewhat diligent when you pick out these products," he said.
Dan Marshall, who co-owns a natural toys and baby care store called Peapods in St. Paul, said he's concerned some parents could be misled by the report.
"I think it's important to keep in mind the primary source of lead for children, which is lead paint on houses, dirt near heavily traveled roads, and workplace exposures from parents' clothing," said Marshall, who has three children with his wife, Millie Adelsheim.
"You have to look at the levels that they found," he said. "We're also talking about Halloween makeup you put on your face a couple times a year. I have a hard time being really concerned about this."
Keane, who is also a father, said parents need to keep things in perspective when they hear about various dangers in the environment.
"Worry about what you can control," Keane said. "The odds of a child having neurotoxicity from these is probably just astronomically low. The odds of them being hit by a car while trick-or-treating are much higher."
I think the facts should just be presented and everyone can decide for themselves what risks r right for their family. But if the schools r doing unsafe application of temporary tatoos and unsanitary application of face tattoos they are teaching the parent this practice.
I am completely fed up after doing this research.
There is another argument against temporary tatoos that might apply to face paints too. The school district was saying that kids were coming to school with hepatitis from tatoos. Real tattos.
My pediatrian stated he would not let his kids do a temporary tatoo on the off chance it might encourage his children to get a real tatoo.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/tattoos-and-piercings/MC00020
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Tattoos: Understand risks and precautions
Tattoos might be more common than ever, but don't take tattooing lightly. Know the risks and understand basic safety precautions and aftercare steps.
By Mayo Clinic staff
You could be the proud owner of a new tattoo in a matter of hours — but don't let the ease of getting tattoos stop you from making a thoughtful decision about permanent body art. Before you get a tattoo, make sure you know what's involved. Also, be certain that tattooing is the right decision for you.
How tattoos are done
A tattoo is a permanent mark or design made on your skin with pigments inserted through pricks into the skin's top layer. Typically, the tattoo artist uses a hand-held machine that acts much like a sewing machine, with one or more needles piercing the skin repeatedly. With every puncture, the needles insert tiny ink droplets. The process — which is done without anesthetics — causes a small amount of bleeding and slight to potentially significant pain.
Know the risks
Photo of a granuloma Granuloma
Photo showing allergic reaction to red ink Allergic reaction to red ink
Tattoos breach the skin, which means that skin infections and other complications are possible. Specific risks include:
Allergic reactions. Tattoo dyes — especially red, green, yellow and blue dyes — can cause allergic skin reactions, such as an itchy rash at the tattoo site. This can occur even years after you get the tattoo.
Skin infections. A skin infection — which might cause redness, swelling, pain and a pus-like drainage — is possible after tattooing.
Other skin problems. Sometimes bumps called granulomas form around tattoo ink. Tattooing can also lead to keloids — raised areas caused by an overgrowth of scar tissue.
Bloodborne diseases. If the equipment used to create your tattoo is contaminated with infected blood, you can contract various bloodborne diseases — including tetanus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
MRI complications. Rarely, tattoos or permanent makeup might cause swelling or burning in the affected areas during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams. In some cases, tattoo pigments can interfere with the quality of the image — such as when a person who has permanent eyeliner has an MRI of the eye.
Medication or other treatment — including possible removal of the tattoo — might be needed if you experience an allergic reaction to the tattoo ink or you develop an infection or other skin problem near a tattoo.
Tattoos: Understand risks and precautions
Make sure you're ready
Before you get a tattoo, ask yourself whether you truly want to invest in permanent body art. If you're unsure or worried that you might regret it someday, give yourself more time to think about it. Don't allow yourself to be pressured into getting a tattoo, and don't get a tattoo if you're under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
If you decide to go ahead with the tattoo, choose the location of the tattoo carefully. Consider whether you want the tattoo to be visible or hidden under clothing. Also remember that weight gain — including pregnancy weight gain — might distort the tattoo or otherwise affect its appearance.
Insist on safety precautions
To make sure your tattoo will be applied safely, answer these questions:
Who does the tattooing? Don't attempt to tattoo yourself or allow an untrained friend to do the tattooing. Go to a reputable tattooing studio that employs only properly trained employees. Keep in mind that regulation requirements and licensing standards vary from state to state. Check with your city, county or state health department for information on local licensing and regulations.
Does the tattoo artist wear gloves? Make sure the tattoo artist washes his or her hands and wears a fresh pair of protective gloves for each procedure.
Does the tattoo artist use proper equipment? Make sure the tattoo artist removes the needle and tubes from sealed packages before your procedure begins. Any pigments, trays or containers should be unused as well.
Does the tattoo artist sterilize nondisposable equipment? Make sure the tattoo artist uses a heat sterilization machine (autoclave) to sterilize all nondisposable equipment between customers. Instruments and supplies that can't be sterilized with an autoclave — including drawer handles, tables and sinks — should be disinfected with a commercial disinfectant or bleach solution after each use.
Take good care of your tattoo
How you care for your new tattoo depends on the type and extent of work done. Typically, however, you'll need to:
Remove the bandage after 24 hours. Apply an antibiotic ointment to the tattooed skin while it's healing.
Keep the tattooed skin clean. Use plain soap and water and a gentle touch. While showering, avoid direct streams of water on the newly tattooed skin. Pat — don't rub — the area dry.
Use moisturizer. Apply a mild moisturizer to the tattooed skin several times a day.
Avoid sun exposure. Keep the tattooed area out of the sun for at least a few weeks.
Avoid swimming. Stay out of pools, hot tubs, rivers, lakes and other bodies of water while your piercing is healing.
Choose clothing carefully. Don't wear anything that might stick to the tattoo.
Allow up to 2 weeks for healing. Don't pick at any scabs, which increases the risk of infection and can damage the design and cause scarring.
If you think your tattoo might be infected or you're concerned that your tattoo isn't healing properly, contact your doctor. If you're interested in tattoo removal, ask your dermatologist about laser surgery or other options for tattoo removal.
There was also an article by a dr that stated the more tattoos a person has the more a doctor has to watch the person for various diseases. I can't find the link. So if someone would send it to me at feona@momsview.com
That would be wonderful since I am trying to education myself and hopefully everyone else about this subjects.
You may write any article on this subject and use any of my words without any permission.
If you would like to talk to me about this subject or need help writting a national article on this subject I would be happy to help and please contact me at feona@momsview.com
Thanks,
Feona Distler
Owner Momsview
feona@momsview.com
If you would like to have my advice on doing scientific research on this subject I am happy to discuss what few ideas I have on this subject.
Thanks,
Feona Distler
Lets have safe skin!
reminder to self I want to hire guy to do you tube video on this subject.
Impetigo is called school sores in wikepedia.
http://www.aap.org/en-us/search/pages/results.aspx?k=temporary%20tattoos
This is the American Academy of Pediatricians
I don't believe that black henna tattoo are done anymore but this also applies to regular temporary tatoos but I think the last sentence says it all. Temporary Tattoos and Face Painting are being done at family friendly events so parents assume they are safe.
Parents need to think twice before allowing their children
to get certain temporary tattoos. Dermatologists are warning
consumers that black henna tattoos could contain a harmful chemical
known as para-phenylenediamine (PPD). It is believed to cause
serious skin rashes. In addition to being used in black hair dyes, PPD
makes temporary tattoos last longer.
Despite the fact that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has
banned PPD from being applied directly to the skin because of its
known health risks, PPD continues to be used in temporary tattoos
because the tattoo industry is not regulated. People still getting
black henna tattoos are exposing themselves to potentially serious
medical problems.
Symptoms of an allergic reaction range from mild eczema to
blistering and even permanent scarring. The first sign of a reaction is
typically redness and itching, followed by bumps, swelling, and then
blisters.
“Kids make up a significant portion of the population that receives
temporary tattoos,” says dermatologist Sharon E. Jacob, M.D., FAAD,
assistant clinical professor of pediatrics and dermatology at the University
of California at San Diego.
Parents mistakenly think they are safe because they are not permanent
and are available at family-oriented events. “In fact, nothing
could be further from the truth,” Dr. Jacob says.
QUICK TIP: Steer your child away from temporary tattoos.
I can see where you are coming from and it would be an easy way to spread infection. My kids had their turns with face painting and temporary tattoos and fortunately, never had any problems after that.
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